FMSO.LEAVENWORTH.ARMY.MIL/OEWATCH Vol. 4 Issue #10 October 2014 Foreign Military Studies Office OE WATCH FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Special Essay: ’ ISIS s Information Operations: Analyzing their Themes and Messages TURKEY LATIN AMERICA EUROPE 3 NATO to Provide Cyber Defense Training 21 Extradition, Ideology, and Geopolitics 36 German Weapons Exports to Iraq: to Allies 22 Mexican Drug Traffickers Using Drones a Prescription for Weapons Distribution? 4 Turkey’s Long-Range Missile Decision to Bring Drugs into the United States 37 EU Halts Expansion In The Face 23 Cybercrime, the Chilean Air Force, of Internal Issues MIDDLE EAST and Peruvian Hackers 38 Blogger Names Units Operating in/around 5 Iran Deploys Indigenous Version 24 MERCOSUR Members Concerned Ukraine, Identifies Possible Bigger Problem of Russian S-300... About Implications of a Silva Presidency 40 Russia Plans on Big Investments in Satellite 6 IRGC Chief: Resistance Will Continue Technologies, Sanctions Permitting until Complete Liberation of Palestine INDO-PACIFIC ASIA 42 Russia Plans to Create New Strategic Command 7 Rouhani: Iran “Will Never Negotiate” 25 The ISIS Cancer: How It Could be Spreading for the Arctic on Defense, Missiles to Southeast Asia and China 43 Contrasting Russian Perspectives on Beslan, 8 The Huthis Encircle Sana’a 26 Ongoing Conflicts from India 10 Years Later 10 Jabhat al-Nusra: Convulsions, Resurgence to Burma (Myanmar) 45 Russia’s Reasons to Provide Arms to Iraq or Transformation? 46 Serb Volunteers Aid Russians in Ukraine 12 Wahhabier than Thou KOREA 48 President Putin and Russia’s Defense Industry 28 North Korean Cyber Warriors 50 Russian Hybrid Bikers AFRICA 52 Expanding Russia’s College-Military Education 14 Racial Environment in Zimbabwe Aggravates CHINA 54 Russia Reinvents the Arctic Air Spectacular Economic Conditions, Refugee Situation 29 China’s Economic Rebalancing and Innovation 55 Join the Navy and See the Arctic 15 African Union Recognizes Ebola Outbreak 31 China’s Drones: 56 History as Operations Research as Both a Medical and Security Concern The Impact at Home and Abroad 57 Annexing Crimean Dolphins 16 West African Cooperation 58 Recent Thawing of the Frozen Conflict on Collective Security on the Rise CENTRAL ASIA in Nagorno-Karabakh 18 Nigeria and the Politicization 32 Cyber Threats for the Government 59 Russian Thinking on the Use of Partisan of the Chibok Kidnappings of Kyrgyzstan Commando and Regular Commando Units 20 The Blame Game and the Battle against 33 Kazakhstan’s Defense Industry Boko Haram Moves into Ammunition Manufacturing? SPECIAL ESSAY 34 The Role of Infrastructure in Violent Border 60 ISIS’s Information Operations: Incidents Analyzing their Themes and Messages 35 Geopolitics and Karimov’s Visit to Beijing The Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is part of the U.S. Army Training and OE Watch Doctrine Command G-2’s Operational Foreign News & Perspectives Environment Enterprise and for over 25 of the Operational Environment years has conducted open source research Volume 4 | Issue 10 October | 2014 on foreign perspectives of defense and Regional Analysts and security issues, emphasizing those topics Expert Contributors that are understudied or unconsidered. Operational Environment Watch provides Africa Robert Feldman Kevin Freese translated selections and analysis from Jason Warner a diverse range of foreign articles and other media that our analysts and expert Middle East Michael Rubin Lucas Winter contributors believe will give military and security professionals an added Turkey Karen Kaya dimension to their critical thinking about China, Korea Cindy Hurst the Operational Environment. Youngjun Kim Tim Thomas Materials, outside of the original foreign press article, Jacob Zenn under copyright have not been used. All articles published in the Operational Environment Watch are not provided India, Southeast Asia Ivan Welch in full, and were originally published in foreign (non-US) media. For questions or original articles, contact FMSO at Mexico, South America Geoff Demarest [email protected]. The Brenda Fiegel Operational Environment Watch is archived, and available Kevin Grilo at http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil. FMSO has provided some editing, format, and graphics Central Asia Matthew Stein to these articles to conform to organizational standards. Academic conventions, source referencing, and citation Russia, Eastern Europe Chuck Bartles style are those of the author. Anna Borshchevskaya The views expressed are those of the author and Christina Chadwick do not represent the official policy or position of the Ray Finch Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the Les Grau U.S. Government. Alyssa Jackson Emily Kangas Greg Sarafian Editor-in-Chief Tom Wilhelm Editors Ray Finch Harry Orenstein Design Editor Hommy Rosado FMSO Contact [email protected] TURKEY NATO to Provide Cyber Defense Training to Allies 12 September 2014 “NATO is moving to a new stage in the fight against cyber threats and attacks.” At the NATO summit in Wales, the Alliance took steps to create a NATO cyber training field in Estonia. OE Watch Commentary: On 4-5 September Source: http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/20705/cyber-warfare-2/nato-attack-response-teams.html 2014 leaders of NATO’s 28 member nations gathered in Wales, UK, for what has been deemed one of the most important NATO Source: “NATO Cyber Defense Training Field to Be Established in Estonia,” Estonian summits of recent times. While most of the Ministry of Defense, 4 September 2014, http://www.kaitseministeerium.ee/en/nato- cyber-defence-training-field-to-be-established-in-estonia coverage of the summit focused on the Ukraine crisis and the ISIS threat in Iraq and Syria, members also focused on countering cyber “At the NATO summit in Wales today, Estonian Minister of Defense Sven Mikser threats and attacks, which have become one of signed a memorandum of joint intent with Supreme Allied Commander Transformation the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Jean-Paul Paloméros to start preparing for the creation of a NATO cyber training field As the accompanying passages discuss, the in Estonia. final declaration of the summit included an The cyber training field is a virtual environment where cyber defense training “Expanded Cyber Defense Policy,” which noted can take place for positions from specialists up to strategic decision makers. The that cyber attacks threaten the stability, security environment will allow both individual training and cyber defense teams to be and prosperity of the Euro-Atlantic region trained.” and threaten modern societies as much as conventional weapons. The first accompanying passage, from the Estonian defense minister’s Source: “Türkiye’ye siber saldırı eğitimi (Cyber attack training for Turkey)” website, discusses that a new NATO cyber Haberturk.com.tr, 10 September 2014, http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/ training field will be established in Estonia haber/988587-turkiyeye-siber-saldiri-egitimi that will provide training to both individuals and cyber defense teams. The second passage, “NATO is moving to a new stage in the fight against cyber threats and attacks. from a Turkish daily newspaper, discusses that Turkey will also participate in the training During last week’s NATO summit in Wales, NATO approved the “Expanded Cyber program and that the cyber threat had recently Defense Policy” and decided to train allies on [defending against] cyber attacks. made its way into Turkey’s “National Security Turkey will also receive training from NATO in order to counter such attacks. The Policy Document,” also known as the “red cyber threat had recently made its way into Turkey’s ‘National Security Policy book.” Document’, also known as the ‘red book’ and related agencies started working on the Countering cyber attacks and protecting the issue. Alliance’s communications and information The final declaration which stated that fighting cyber attacks is part of NATO’s systems have been recognized as a priority mission, also approved the ‘Expanded Cyber Defense Policy’ in order to fight against in NATO’s Strategic Concept, and have been this threat which threatens many countries each day. The document stated that, reiterated in the two most recent summit whether a cyber attack applies to NATO’s Article 5 (which claims that an attack on one declarations, as well as at NATO ministerial is an attack on all), will be decided on a case-by-case basis by the NATO Council.” meetings. End OE Watch Commentary (Kaya) OE Watch October 2014 3 TURKEY Turkey’s Long-Range Missile Decision 12 September 2014 “…Some disagreements have emerged with the Chinese regarding the missile defense systems on the issue of production and know-how.” OE Watch Commentary: The accompanying Source: “Erdoğan’dan uzun menzilli füze açıklaması (Statement by Erdoğan about passage discusses an important change to long-range missiles),” Milliyet.com.tr, 8 September 2014, http://www.milliyet.com.tr/ Turkey’s plans to co-produce long-range missiles erdogan-dan-uzun-menzilli-fuze/ekonomi/detay/1936958/default.htm with a Chinese company, noting its decision to move forward with a French company instead. This represents a significant shift in Turkey’s “According to reports, [President] Erdoğan made statements to journalists on the technology, engineering and manufacturing plans plane on his way back from the NATO summit and told them, “Some disagreements for long-range missiles. have emerged with the Chinese regarding the missile defense systems on the issue of On 26 September 2013 Turkey had announced production and know-how…. The runner-up France has come to us with new proposals. its decision to start talks with a Chinese firm We are continuing our talks with France right now. Joint production is very important to co-produce a long-range air and missile to us. defense system. The contract was awarded to …Turkey’s initial decision to go with a Chinese company under sanctions by the U.S.