Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Resources Guidelines Prepared for: The City of Carlsbad, California Prepared by: ECORP Consulting, Inc. with contributions from Cogstone Resource Management September 2017 Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Guidelines CONTENTS 1.0 Purpose and Need for Guidelines................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Organization ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 Definitions of Resources .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Types ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Cultural Association .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Time Period .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Physical Characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 7 3.0 Regulatory Context ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Local .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 City of Carlsbad General Plan............................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2 City of Carlsbad Municipal Code ...................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3 Local Coastal Program .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.4 City of Carlsbad Council Policy No. 83 ........................................................................................... 15 3.2 State..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) .............................................................................. 15 3.2.2 Senate Bill 18 ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.3 California Coastal Act ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.4 Public Resources Code Section 5097.5........................................................................................... 18 3.2.5 California Public Resources Code 5097.9 ...................................................................................... 19 3.2.6 California Public Resources Code 5097.98 .................................................................................... 19 3.2.7 California Public Resources Code 5097.99 .................................................................................... 19 3.2.8 California Health and Safety Code 7050.5 .................................................................................... 19 3.2.9 California Code of Regulations (Title 14, Division 3, Chapter 1) ........................................... 20 3.3 Federal ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.1 National Historic Preservation Act ................................................................................................... 20 4.0 Context Statements .................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Regional Archaeology and Ancient Native American History ...................................................... 23 4.2 Ethnography and Native American History.......................................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Luiseño ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 4.2.2 Kumeyaay ................................................................................................................................................... 39 4.3 Euro-American History ................................................................................................................................. 40 4.4 Paleontological Resources .......................................................................................................................... 43 Tribal, Cultural and Paleontological Guidelines September 2017 City of Carlsbad i Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Guidelines 5.0 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................................... 46 5.1 City of Carlsbad ............................................................................................................................................... 47 5.2 Private Applicants for Projects .................................................................................................................. 48 5.3 Consultants ....................................................................................................................................................... 48 5.3.1 Minimum Qualifications for Cultural Resources Professionals ............................................. 48 5.3.2 Minimum Qualifications for Paleontological Professionals .................................................... 50 5.4 California Office of Historic Preservation .............................................................................................. 50 5.5 California Native American Heritage Commission ............................................................................ 50 5.6 California Native American Tribes ........................................................................................................... 51 5.6.1 San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians ............................................................................................. 51 5.7 Federally-Recognized Tribes ...................................................................................................................... 51 5.8 Other Permitting or Approving Agencies ............................................................................................. 51 5.9 Interested Parties ............................................................................................................................................ 52 6.0 Sensitivity Models ....................................................................................................................... 53 6.1 Uses ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 6.2 Architectural History Sensitivity Model.................................................................................................. 54 6.3 Archaeological Sensitivity Model ............................................................................................................. 56 6.4 Paleontological Sensitivity Model ............................................................................................................ 57 6.5 Management of the Models ...................................................................................................................... 61 7.0 General Methods and Standards of Analysis ........................................................................... 62 7.1 General Standards .......................................................................................................................................... 63 7.2 Thresholds of Review .................................................................................................................................... 63 7.3 Confidentiality ................................................................................................................................................. 64 8.0 Tribal Cultural Resources Procedures ....................................................................................... 66 8.1 Tribal Outreach and Coordination ........................................................................................................... 67 8.1.1 Notices of Exemption ............................................................................................................................ 67 8.1.2 Section 106 of the NHPA ..................................................................................................................... 71 8.1.3 AB 52............................................................................................................................................................ 71 8.1.4 SB 18 ...........................................................................................................................................................