North Essex Authorities – Common Strategic Part 1 for Local Plans Sustainability Appraisal (SA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Environmental Report – Preferred Options: Annex B – Baseline Information June 2016 Strategic Part 1 - Sustainability Appraisal: Preferred Options: Annex B (June 2016) Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Sustainability Baseline Information .................................................................................. 5 2. Economy and Employment .................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Economy ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. Employment .................................................................................................................... 9 3. Housing................................................................................................................................ 16 3.1. Housing Supply ............................................................................................................. 18 3.2. Existing Housing Stock .................................................................................................. 21 3.3. Housing Need - Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) ................................... 22 3.4. Homelessness ............................................................................................................... 23 3.5. Gypsy and Traveller Accommodation ............................................................................ 25 4. Population and Society ....................................................................................................... 28 4.1. Population ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.2. Education ...................................................................................................................... 32 4.3. Quality of Life ................................................................................................................ 36 5. Health ................................................................................................................................... 38 5.1. Life Expectancy and Health ........................................................................................... 38 5.2. Physical Activity and Open Space ................................................................................. 40 6. Transport ............................................................................................................................. 42 6.1. Modes and Flows of Travel ............................................................................................ 44 7. Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................. 49 7.1. Recorded Archaeological Sites and Finds in Tendring, Braintree and Colchester .......... 50 7.2. Listed Buildings ............................................................................................................. 51 7.3. Scheduled Monuments .................................................................................................. 52 7.4. Historic Parks and Gardens ........................................................................................... 52 7.5. Conservation Areas ....................................................................................................... 54 8. Biodiversity and Nature Conservation ............................................................................... 56 8.1. Biodiversity Action Plan ................................................................................................. 59 8.2. Designated Sites ........................................................................................................... 59 9. Landscapes ......................................................................................................................... 63 9.1. Landscape Features ...................................................................................................... 63 9.2. Agricultural Land Classification ...................................................................................... 64 10. Water Environment ............................................................................................................. 66 10.1. Water Courses .............................................................................................................. 66 10.2. Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 66 10.3. Flood Risk ..................................................................................................................... 67 11. Climate and Energy ............................................................................................................. 77 11.1. Energy Consumption and Emissions ............................................................................. 78 11.2. Climate Change ............................................................................................................. 81 12. Air ......................................................................................................................................... 82 12.1. Air Quality ...................................................................................................................... 82 13. Waste ................................................................................................................................... 87 13.1. Local Authority Collected Waste .................................................................................... 87 13.2. Transfer Facilities .......................................................................................................... 88 13.3. The Replacement Waste Local Plan for Essex and Southend-on-Sea (submitted June 2016) 89 13.4. Waste Miles ................................................................................................................... 89 Place Services at Essex County Council Strategic Part 1 - Sustainability Appraisal: Preferred Options: Annex B (June 2016) 13.5. Commercial and Industrial Waste (CD&I) ...................................................................... 90 13.6. Construction, Demolition and Evacuation Waste (CD&E) .............................................. 90 14. Minerals ............................................................................................................................... 91 14.1. Links to the Adopted Minerals Local Plan 2014 ............................................................. 91 14.2. Sand and Gravel............................................................................................................ 91 14.3. Chalk ............................................................................................................................. 92 List of Tables Table 1: Economic activity .............................................................................................................. 6 Table 2: Job density ........................................................................................................................ 6 Table 3: Business registration and de-registration rate ................................................................... 6 Table 4: Local business stock and employment size ....................................................................... 7 Table 5: Location of businesses ...................................................................................................... 7 Table 6: Proportion of businesses by industry type ......................................................................... 7 Table 7: Employment and unemployment ..................................................................................... 10 Table 8: Working patterns ............................................................................................................. 10 Table 9: Employment by industry .................................................................................................. 11 Table 10: Gross weekly pay by residence and workplace ............................................................. 12 Table 11: Class A1 Floorspace Projections in Colchester ............................................................. 12 Table 12: Braintree SHMA guidance on property size targets ....................................................... 17 Table 13: Affordable housing supply in Tendring District (net)....................................................... 19 Table 14: Affordable housing supply in Braintree District (net) ...................................................... 20 Table 15: Affordable housing supply in Colchester Borough (net) ................................................. 20 Table 16: Dwelling stock by tenure ............................................................................................... 21 Table 17: Mean dwelling prices (£) ............................................................................................... 21 Table 18: Size mix of housing