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This book can be purchased by Malmö Academy of Music Box 8203, SE-200 41 Malmö, Sweden Tel. +46 (0)40-32 54 50 Fax. +46 (0)40-32 54 60 • 3 DUMISANI MARAIRE IN MEMORIAM 4 • THE MUSICIAN IN NEW AND CHANGING CONTEXTS • 5 Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................... xx Part 1. International presentations Nancy J. Uscher Shaping inventive career paths for 21st century musicians: Embracing new values and visions. ............................................................................. 13 Responses by Graham Bartle and Håkan Lundström. Discussion Maria del Carmen Aguilar Learning to listen ..................................................................................................... 21 Response by Håkan Lundström. Discussion Orlando Musumeci Should we change conservatory to ”renovatory”? Towards a model of conservatories’ idiosyncrasy ........................................................... 29 Response by Barbara Macrae. Discussion Maria Becker-Gruvstedt and Eva Saether Cultural encounters as a prompting force.................................................................... 41 John Drummond ”A change in the orders”. Training the performers of the future .................................... 51 Response by Barbara Macrae. Discussion Inok Paek Oral versus written traditions: Changing modes in teaching and learning korean traditional music ........................................................................................... 63 Response by Håkan Lundström. Discussion David R. Montano Toward a more comprehensive preparation of professional musicians: The need for the study of music as a human behavior in the core curriculum for all music majors .................................................................................................. 77 Discussion 6 • THE MUSICIAN IN NEW AND CHANGING CONTEXTS Nancy J. Uscher Support strategies for 21st century musicians: New approaches for the next millenium ..................................................................... 83 Discussion Diana Blom and Kim Poole Peer assessment of tertiary music performance: Owning and demystifying the evaluative process ......................................................... 89 Response by Barbara Macrae. Discussion Jan Ole Traasdahl Music Education in a Multicultural Society – Conclusions and Perspectives ................. 97 From the International Music Council of UNESCO Congress in Denmark, July 1998 Part 2. Zimbabwean presentations Dumisani Maraire Introducing Zimbabwean presentations ................................................................... 109 Rabson Ziso Music education in primary schools in post independence Zimbabwe ......................... 111 Denishad T. Mugochi Training professional musicians in a new environment: A challenge for Zimbabwean Unhuists educators ...................................................... 115 Chris Timbe The national certificate of music – A pioneer programme in Zimbabwe ..................... 119 Philemon Manatsa Safeguarding tradition and ensuring change and continuity ...................................... 123 Farai Gezi CHIPAWO and professional musicians .................................................................... 127 Farai Gezi and R. McLaren So you want to be a professional musician? The CHIPAWO pedagogy........................ 129 • 7 Plaxedes Vimbai Chemugarira Zimbabwe Women in Music ................................................................................... 135 Albert Nyati Imbongi Arts and the professional musician.............................................................. 139 Rumbidzai G. Chipendo and Dumisani Maraire The ZAME (Zimbabwe) / Fredrikstad (Norway) Project .......................................... 141 Per Skoglund Cultural exchange in music for early interculturalism in music .................................. 147 Concert Programme................................................................................................... 153 Members of the commission ...................................................................................... 154 Biographies ................................................................................................................ 155 8 • THE MUSICIAN IN NEW AND CHANGING CONTEXTS • 9 PREFACE Among the issues that have dominated the most recent biennial seminars of the ISME Commission for the Education of the Professional Musician are those concerning the musicians role in the present-day world both in the local and global perspectives and the implications these have for the education of musicians. This is illustrated by the fact that the preceding seminar held in Malmö, Sweden in 1996 was entitled The Musicians’ Role: New Challenges. At that time the commision was fortunate to have a significant African input by participants from Ghana, The Gambia and Zimbabwe. This definitely had an important effect on the discussions and in that sense also in a sense served as a preparation for the 1998 meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, which was entitled The Musician in New and Changing Contexts. It was decided to continue with the format of having participants give short, concise presentations, rather than formal paper-readings, and following these with prepared responses and brief periods for open discussion. The present volume contains the papers and presentations that were made during this seminar, and when applicable also responses and summaries of discussions. The presentations are arranged in two main sections. Part 1 has been called International presentations. These are the regular presentations. Part 2 is entitled Zimbabwean presentations. It contains shorter presentations by a number of music teachers in Zimbabwe. During the seminar these presentations were given in a half-day session. This input from the representa- tives of the host country – which were faculty from the Zimbabwe College of Music and members of the Zimbabwe Association of Music Educators from Harare and other parts of the country – was a very important qualitative stimulance to the discussions. So was a spontaneous discussion session on careers with these presenters and music students at Zimbabwe College of Music. As a result of its work, the Commission agreed upon five broad recommendations, three of which pertain to those who prepare professional musicians, and two of which pertain to a particular role ISME can play in fostering new directions relative to preparing musicians for the future. These five recommendations are the following: 1. that programs that prepare professional musicians embrace curricula and experiences in addition to those stemming from the conservatory training tradition, and specifi- cally curriculum and experiences embodied in indigenous traditions; 2. that programs that prepare professional musicians embrace curricula and experiences which focus on a dynamic interaction between institutions and the communities and societies in which they exist, and which emphasize the importance of the musician as a human being and professional development as a life-long, continuous process; 3. that programs that prepare professional musicians embrace curricula and experiences 10 • THE MUSICIAN IN NEW AND CHANGING CONTEXTS which reach beyond societal boundaries, to global interaction and collaboration, relative to music and how it is learned and performed; 4. that ISME give priority to facilitating efforts to identify and secure funding resources, to support organizations and individuals seeking to establish bi-lateral projects aimed at strengthening a broader preparation of professional musicians; and 5. that in light of the strong interest and participation in the commission meeting shown by the Zimbabwe Association of Music Educators and by the faculty and students from the Zimbabwe College of Music, ISME strongly considers including the country of Zimbabwe, and especially these two groups, as it expands its special focus program for interacting and strengthening relationships with countries in Africa. The 1998 Seminar of the ISME Commission for the Education of the Professional Musician