Dead Sea Scrolls Fragments in the Museum Collection Publications of Museum of the Bible General Editor Michael W. Holmes volume 1 Semitic Texts Editor Emanuel Tov Managing Editor Jerry A. Pattengale The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/pmb Dead Sea Scrolls Fragments in the Museum Collection Edited by Emanuel Tov Kipp Davis Robert Duke leiden | boston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tov, Emanuel, editor. | Davis, Kipp, editor. | Duke, Robert R., editor. Title: Dead sea scrolls fragments in the Museum collection / edited by Emanuel Tov, Kipp Davis, Robert Duke. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2016] | Series: Publications of Museum of the Bible, ISSN 2214-2797 ; volume 1 Identifiers: LCCN 2016015778 (print) | LCCN 2016016485 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004321489 ((hardback) : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004322868 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Dead Sea scrolls. Classification: LCC BM487 .D44957 2016 (print) | LCC BM487 (ebook) | DDC 296.1/55074753–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016015778 Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge. Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2214-2797 isbn 978-90-04-32148-9 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32286-8 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Preface vii Jerry A. Pattengale List of Tables xviii List of Figures xix List of Abbreviations xxi Introduction to the Museum Collection of Dead Sea Scrolls Fragments 1 Introduction, Text Editions, the Collection of the Museum of the Bible, Textual and Orthographic Character, Relation to Other Fragments from the Judaean Desert 3 Emanuel Tov 2 Paleographical and Physical Features of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the Museum of the Bible Collection: A Synopsis 19 Kipp Davis 3 A Methodology for the Digital Reconstruction of Dead Sea Scroll Fragmentary Remains 36 Bruce Zuckerman, Asher Levy and Marilyn Lundberg 4 The Process and Goal of Research 59 Robert Duke 5 Procedure Followed by the motb Scholars Teams: Manuscript Research as Pedagogy 63 Lisa M. Wolfe Publication of the Texts 6 Genesis 31:23–25?, 32:3–6 (Inv. motb.scr.000124) 73 Elaine Bernius et al. vi contents 7 Exodus 17:4–7 (Inv. motb.scr.000120) 90 Karl Kutz et al. 8 Leviticus 23:24–28 (Inv. ncf.scr.004742) 110 Karl Kutz et al. 9 A Fragment of Leviticus? (Inv. motb.scr.000122) 125 Marty Alan Michelson et al. 10 Numbers 8:3–5 (Inv. motb.scr.003173) 130 Timothy D. Finlay et al. 11 Jeremiah 23:6–9 (Inv. motb.scr.003172) 140 Karl Kutz et al. 12 Ezekiel 28:22 (Inv. motb.scr.003174) 158 Ishwaran Mudliar 13 Jonah 4:2–5 (Inv. motb.scr.003171) 168 Catherine McDowell and Thomas Hill 14 Micah 1:4–6 (Inv. motb.scr.003183) 177 Peter W. Flint and David R. Herbison 15 Psalm 11:1–4 (Inv. motb.scr.000121) 190 Lisa M. Wolfe et al. 16 Daniel 10:18–20 (Inv. motb.scr.003170) 200 Robert Duke et al. 17 Nehemiah 2:13–16 (Inv. motb.scr.003175) 210 Martin G. Abegg Jr. et al. 18 A Fragment of Instruction (Inv. motb.scr.000123) 222 Michael Brooks Johnson Preface Jerry A. Pattengale The Genesis of Publications of the Museum of the Bible with Brill Publishers1 The Formation of an Initiative to Mentor Students in Various Aspects of Text Studies The Museum of the Bible Scholars Initiative (si) began as the Green Scholars’ Initiative (gsi) in the summer of 2010. Its founding and current purpose is to facilitate a large network of scholars in researching and producing scholarship on items in the Green Collection while mentoring students.2 In January of 2016, due in large part to the expansion of the museum’s holdings beyond the Green Collection, gsi was changed to its current name (si). This pedagogical model of the si imbibes the mission of the Council on Undergraduate Research (cur), “to support and promote high-quality under- graduate student-faculty collaborative research and scholarship.” The si model also reflects the five strategic pillars of cur, but extends them throughout the participants’ educational experience.3 The program is built around three levels 1 The Museum of the Bible is an organization with facilities in Washington, d.c., and in Oklahoma City, ok. The museum is scheduled to open in d.c. in November 2017. Around one hundred full-time employees support the museum’s programs, with continued growth expected until the 2017 opening. Items not on exhibit in d.c., or in one of the museum’s many traveling exhibits, will remain in the Oklahoma facilities with the curatorial and conservation teams. 2 See Jerry A. Pattengale and Rory Crowley, “The Green Scholar’s Initiative’s Scholar-Mentor/ Junior-Scholar Approach: Preliminary Results from a Working Pedagogical Case Study” (pa- per presented at the sotl Commons Conference hosted by Georgia Southern University, Savannah, ga, 26 March 2015). 3 These pillars are listed on the Council for Undergraduate Research website as: 1) Integrating and Building Undergraduate Research into Curriculum and Coursework; 2) Assessment of the Impact of Undergraduate Research; 3) Diversity and Inclusion in Undergraduate Research; 4) Innovation and Collaboration in Undergraduate Research. The latter is especially repre- sented in the gsi model, meeting the expectations of cur, “… expanding undergraduate research opportunities beyond academic institutions to research collaborations with busi- ness and non-profit organizations as well as between higher education institutions.” And, 5) Internationalization and Undergraduate Research. The si program has projects in at least © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi: 10.1163/9789004322868_001 viii pattengale of participants: students (undergraduate through doctorate), their professors,4 and a si Senior Scholar who consults on projects in his or her area of expertise. For this current volume, Emanuel Tov serves as the Senior Scholar for the contributing authors and as the volume’s Senior Editor. The student co-authors of chapters were mentored by their professors, and both benefited from Dr. Tov overseeing their scholarship efforts throughout, a manifestation of all three of the si levels. The si structure also includes Regional Directors, who assist the Senior Scholars when appropriate and the professors on their local campuses, and Distinguished Scholars, who are established language specialists.5 Professors from more than sixty universities internationally are currently participating in the Scholars Initiative. A few hundred students participated in these research projects during the si’s first five years. One hundred and nine- teen of these students also received awards for an intensive summer workshop. The inaugural event took place at Baylor University (2011) and the subsequent three events at Oxford University in conjunction with Scholarship and Chris- tianity in Oxford and housed at Wycliffe Hall (2012–2014).6 A fortuitous relationship developed in our partnership with Bruce Zucker- man, Marilyn Lundberg, and the West Semitic Research Project (wsrp) at the University of Southern California when this si project became the beta project of what Emanuel Tov is labeling the Zuckerman Reconstruction Method, itself employing a mentoring component.7 Even the publication co-authored by seven countries. See “cur Strategic Pillars,” n.p. [cited 24 November 2015]. Online: http://www .cur.org/about_cur/strategicpillars/. 4 Professors involved in these si research projects, who are not emeriti or otherwise distin- guished through lifelong scholarship, are required to have full-time positions at an academic institution of higher learning (whether a university or a research institute), terminal degrees, and established competencies in the general area of research. This research model resonates with the Ernest Boyer’s paradigm, expressed in Ernest L. Boyer et al., Scholarship Reconsid- ered: Priorities of the Professoriate (San Francisco, ca: Wiley and Sons, 2015). 5 Although this multi-tiered research paradigm emphasizes mentoring, it also endorses Ernest L. Boyer’s research mandates, addressed in John M. Braxton, William Luckey, and Patricia Helland, Institutionalizing a Broader View of Scholarship through Boyer’s Four Domains (San Francisco, ca: Jossey-Bass, 2002), 13–14. This challenge of mentoring amidst seminal research, especially in Boyer’s Discovery domain, is well represented in Mark R. Schwehn, Exiles from Eden: Religion and the Academic Vocation (New York: Oxford Press), 5–40, 74. 6 For more information on the Scholars Initiatives, see: “Scholars Initiative,” n.p. [cited 2 Febru- ary 2016]. Online: https://www.museumofthebible.org/scholars-initiative. And for more in- formation on the summer workshops (Logos