Figure S1. Spatial distribution of the study sites Table S1. Site characteristics for the residents’ perceptions studies No. Site Researc (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Reference h time 1 Wuhu Fangte Theme Park, AnHui 2007 3.44 3.51 3.65 2.55 3.72 2.92 ZhangChunhua et al. (2010) 2 Yellow Crane Tower, Hubei 2008 3.39 3.38 3.40 2.52 3.69 3.02 Chen Ting (2008) 3 Haimen, Jiangsu 2014 3.72 3.18 3.73 2.70 4.19 2.93 Zhu Mei, Wei Xiangdong. (2014) 4 Xidi village, AnHui 2002 3.46 3.39 3.75 2.66 3.90 3.02 Wang Li. (2004) 5 Hong village, AnHui 2002 3.47 3.69 3.72 2.66 3.90 3.69 Wang Li. (2004) 6 Dalian, Liaoning 2008 3.61 3.53 3.72 2.95 3.95 3.18 Wang Zhongfu. (2009) 7 Hongsha Village, Chengdu, Sichuan 2004 3.77 3.89 3.89 2.60 4.63 2.79 Ye Hong. (2007) 8 Yajiaying village, Hebei 2008 3.85 3.26 3.90 1.66 4.11 2.10 Feng Hongying, Zhao Jintao. (2009) 9 Hengjiangtun, Guangxi 2009 3.29 3.33 3.83 2.43 3.75 2.99 Zhang Jing. (2010) 10 Jiaodong village, Shandong 2013 3.76 3.91 3.49 2.20 3.90 2.93 Jia Yanju, Wang Degang. (2015) 11 Fang village, Urumqi, Xinjiang 2014 3.59 3.44 3.81 2.65 3.90 2.64 DingYu et al. (2015) 12 Gongcheng, Guangxi 2014 3.51 4.22 3.54 1.51 4.64 2.77 LiuYaping. (2015) 13 Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu 2004 3.60 3.10 3.74 2.69 3.83 2.88 Xu Zhiyun, Lu Lin. (2007) 14 Tongli Town, Jiangsu 2005 3.61 2.98 3.86 2.48 3.79 2.85 Liu Li, Lu Lin. (2006) 15 Xunyang, Shanxi 2007 3.87 3.29 3.88 2.39 4.19 3.07 Li Yanhua, Yan Lin. (2008) 16 Huangcheng village, Shanxi 2010 4.00 3.68 4.14 2.15 4.27 2.70 Wei Dandan (2011) 17 Shanhaiguan ancient city, Hebei 2011 3.09 3.74 3.01 2.89 3.73 3.01 Guan Liying. (2010) 18 Kashgar, Xinjiang 2012 3.35 3.32 3.57 2.30 3.74 2.34 Jia Qiaoyun et al. (2012) 19 Grand Canal ancient towns, Jiangsu 2014 3.54 4.20 3.67 2.91 4.15 2.71 Jiang Ting et al. (2015) 20 Huangshui Town, Shizhu, Chongqing 2015 3.85 3.89 3.91 2.64 3.97 3.01 Qin Yuanhao et al. (2016) 21 Shichahai Lake Area, Beijing 2013 3.16 3.72 3.52 3.26 3.59 2.93 Li Chen. (2015) 22 Dai village, Yunnan 2011 3.20 3.95 3.67 3.27 3.84 3.16 Chen Yan. (2012) 23 Hani village, Yunnan 2011 3.60 3.63 3.68 3.97 3.92 2.93 Chen Yan. (2012) 24 Sangmu village, Tibet 2012 3.74 3.64 3.63 2.41 4.18 2.92 Dai Yang et al. (2013) 25 Miaoren valley, Hunan 2012 3.57 2.96 3.72 2.14 4.13 2.29 Liao Wenfang et al. (2013) 26 Qiantan, Hunan 2012 3.63 2.16 3.81 1.85 4.32 1.62 Liao Wenfang et al. (2013) 27 Hezhe town, Heilongjiang 2013 3.52 3.29 3.69 2.63 3.97 2.95 Liu Yan. (2014) 28 Niangregou, Lhasa, Tibet 2013 2.95 3.29 3.18 2.64 3.13 2.90 Dong Ruixia et al. (2013) 29 Xijiang Miao village, Guizhou 2014 3.32 3.89 3.60 2.49 3.82 3.54 Wu Peili et al. (2015) 30 Zhaoxing Dong village, Guizhou 2014 3.19 3.77 3.60 2.77 3.93 3.54 Wu Peili et al. (2015) 31 Honghe Hani rice terraces, tourism village, 2014 2.97 3.29 3.68 2.64 4.16 2.90 Wang Mei et al. (2016) 32 Yunnan 2014 3.05 3.29 3.69 2.63 4.00 2.91 Wang Mei et al. (2016) 33 Honghe Hani rice terraces, heritage village 2014 3.30 3.28 3.68 2.66 3.64 2.92 Wang Mei et al. (2016) 34 Honghe Hani rice terraces, non tourism 2006 3.94 2.95 3.92 2.48 3.92 2.58 Du Zhongchao. (2007). 35 village 2008 3.48 4.22 3.54 2.66 3.81 3.04 Xie Ting. (2009) 36 Maoling and Qianling, Shanxi 2009 3.46 4.22 3.68 2.68 3.74 3.18 Yang Xia et al. (2010) 37 DongJiang lake resort, Hunan 2010 3.74 2.25 3.84 3.36 4.02 2.80 Zhang Junying, Ma Yaofeng. (2012) 38 Pingyao ancient city, Shanxi 2011 2.41 2.13 3.67 1.85 3.50 2.98 Guan Jing, Chang Ying. (2012) 39 Kumbum monastery scenic spot, Qinghai 2011 3.37 3.29 3.68 2.63 4.54 2.91 Feng Xiaohua, Meng Xiaomin. (2013) 40 Guilin Xanadu scenic spot, Guangxi 2012 3.58 2.26 3.61 2.08 4.34 2.99 Song Ge. (2013) 41 Kanas scenic, Xinjiang 2012 3.70 3.79 3.68 3.46 4.22 3.66 Huang Huaqian et al. (2014) 42 Mangrove nature reserve, Guangdong 2014 3.80 3.67 3.68 2.66 3.63 2.94 Feng Xiaohua et al. (2015) 43 Lijiang river basin, Guangxi 2015 3.51 3.03 3.75 1.95 3.95 1.91 Luo Xuejiao et al. (2016) 44 Tianshan Tianchi scenic spot, Xinjiang 2012 2.48 3.29 3.68 2.66 3.00 2.76 Liu Hongying, Li Bingjie. (2012) 45 Bailidujuan scenic area, Guizhou 2011 3.58 3.63 3.53 2.78 3.84 2.83 Wan XianJin﹐Li Jing. (2012) 46 Liuzhou, Guangxi 2015 3.34 2.20 3.68 2.67 3.90 2.95 Bing Zuo et al. (2017) 47 Wushan county, Chongqing 2013 3.13 3.29 3.67 3.33 4.00 2.99 Wang Suosheng, Xu Honggang. (2015) 48 Jinggangshan scenic area, Jiangxi 2014 2.99 3.29 3.68 2.66 3.59 2.91 Zeng Xianliang, Tak-Kee Hui. (2016) 49 Zhuhai, Guangdong 2012 3.81 2.16 3.68 4.30 3.89 3.75 Li Shanshi et al. (2014) 50 Shenzhen, Guangdong 2012 3.38 3.11 3.63 4.53 3.90 3.32 Li Shanshi et al. (2014) 51 Shentangyu, Mountainous valley resorts, 2012 3.03 3.17 3.71 4.78 3.90 3.23 Li Shanshi et al. (2014) 52 Beijing 2014 3.75 3.29 3.74 2.66 2.60 3.06 Chen Bixia, Qiu Zhenmian. (2017) 53 Xizhazi, Mountainous valley resorts, Beijing 2010 3.21 2.57 3.67 2.66 3.90 2.91 Xiang (Robert) Li et al. (2015) 54 Wuqingsong, Mountainous valley resorts, 2010 2.99 3.03 3.67 2.68 3.89 2.90 Xiang (Robert) Li et al. (2015) 55 Beijing 2010 3.37 3.30 3.67 2.66 3.88 2.89 Xiang (Robert) Li et al. (2015) 56 Wuyishan national nature reserve, Fujian 2011 3.52 2.77 3.69 2.52 3.95 1.50 Zhuang Xiaoping et al. (2014) 57 Shanghai 2011 2.60 3.08 3.69 2.66 3.53 3.00 Zhuang Xiaoping et al. (2014) 58 Shanghai 2013 3.23 3.30 3.68 2.70 2.40 2.95 Xue Yan Liao et al. (2016) 59 Shanghai 2016 3.93 3.56 3.67 3.13 4.17 2.99 He Zhu et al. (2017). 60 Zili village, Guangdong 2008 3.26 3.29 3.71 2.66 4.06 3.00 Dogan Gursoy et al. (2011) 61 Maxianglong village, Guangdong 2009 3.83 1.92 3.36 2.65 4.40 2.80 Tang Chengcai et al. (2012) 62 Macao 2005 3.48 2.96 3.68 3.16 3.91 3.50 Chen Chingfu, Chen Peichun. (2010) 63 Luozhou, Fujian 2009 3.57 3.29 3.90 2.96 4.13 2.88 You Weibin et al. (2015) Beijing Xainza, Tibet Tainan, Taiwan Wuyishan scenery district, Fujian (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6), represent mean values of the following latent variables respectively: (1): Development of economy and improvement in living standard (economy improvement) (2): Increase in living cost (cost increase) (3): Culture protection and increased influence (culture protection) (4): Disturbance of normal social order (order disturbance) (5): Improvement in infrastructure construction (infrastructure improvement) (6): Residential environmental deterioration (environmental deterioration) 1. ZhangChunhua, Lu Song, Wei Jun. (2010). Urban Residents’ Perceptions towards Major Theme Parks——Case Study ofWuhu Fangte Theme Park.[J].Resource Development & Market. 26 (9):852-855. 2. Chen Ting. (2008). Analysis of Urban Residents’Perception and Variations towards Tourism Impact——A Case of Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan. Huazhong Normal University Journal of Postgraduates.15 (4):135-148. 3. Zhu Mei, Wei Xiangdong. (2014). Adolescent residents perception on tourism impact and participation mechanism in the city——A case of Haimen in Jiangsu.Journal of Guilin University of Technology.34 (1):198-206. 4. Wang Li. (2004). Study on residents’ attitudes and tourism development strategy in traditional village and town resorts. Anhui. Anhui Normal University.1-73. 5. Wang Zhongfu. (2009). Tourism destination residents’ tourism perception impact factor research. Liaoning.