Chazan (eds) Chazan & Lillios Fresh Fields and Pastures New PAPERS PRESENTED IN HONOR OF ANDREW M.T. MOORE Fresh Fields and and Fields Fresh Fresh Fields and Pastures New New Pastures This volume honors the career and contributions of Andrew M.T. Moore. Moore’s groundbreaking work at Abu Hureyra, Syria and excavations at Neolithic sites in Croatia have made him a pioneer in integrated interdisciplinary research in archaeology, expressing a deeply held conviction that developments in human culture can only be understood when embedded in an ecological approach. of of in Honor Presented Papers In this book, colleagues and former students of Moore, working in the Near East and A ndrew M. ndrew Croatia, present current research, illustrating the continuing impact of Moore’s work on the early farming and herding peoples of the eastern Mediterranean. T . Moore edited by Sidestone ISidestoneSBN 978-90-8890-348-9 Press Katina T. Lillios & Michael Chazan ISBN: 978-90-8890-348-9 9 789088 903489 This is an Open Access publication. Visit our website for more OA publication, to read any of our books for free online, or to buy them in print or PDF. www.sidestone.com Check out some of our latest publications: Fresh Fields and Pastures New Sidestone Press Fresh Fields and Pastures New PAPERS PRESENTED IN HONOR OF ANDREW M.T. MOORE edited by Katina T. Lillios & Michael Chazan © 2016 individual authors Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com ISBN 978-90-8890-348-9 Lay-out & cover design: Sidestone Press Photographs cover: Also available as: e-book (PDF): ISBN 978-90-8890-349-6 Contents Preface 7 Michael Chazan & Katina T. Lillios Andrew M.T. Moore: A Life in Service of Archaeology and the 11 Academy Katina T. Lillios Abu Hureyra 1 in Northwest Syria: “Periphery” No More 21 Brian Boyd Late Upper Paleolithic and Initial Epipaleolithic in the Marshlands: A 41 View from Tor Sageer, Wadi al-Hasa, Jordan Deborah I. Olszewski A Road Well Travelled? Exploring Terminal Pleistocene Hunter- 55 Gatherer Activities, Networks and Mobility in Eastern Jordan Lisa A. Maher Ethnography and the Reconstruction of Prehistoric Land Use in 83 Cyprus Sarah Tyrell Stewart The Neolithic in Dalmatia and Andrew M. T. Moore’s Contribution to 101 Its Investigation Marko Menđušić Villages, Landscapes, and Early Farming in Northern Dalmatia 117 Sarah B. McClure & Emil Podrug Navigating the Neolithic Adriatic 145 Timothy Kaiser & Stašo Forenbaher Taking a Lévy Walk: Early Hominin Mobility in the Lower Paleolithic 165 of the Southern Levant Liora Kolska Horwitz & Michael Chazan The Ordinary Neolithic People of Abu Hureyra 187 Theya Molleson Preface Michael Chazan* & Katina T. Lillios** * Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, ONT M5S 2S2, Canada, [email protected] ** Department of Anthropology, 114 Macbride Hall, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, [email protected] Archaeology is animated by the tension between our interest in long-term processes and recognition that our evidence relates to the activities, often the most quotidian, of individuals. Of course, archaeology is not the only endeavor to grapple with this problem. Agency theory, inspired by the writing of Giddens and Bourdieu, is born of the struggle to balance the practices of everyday life and the structures of society. The Annales School of history draws heavily on Braudel’s idea about the various temporal scales of history, notably the longue durée which is beyond the experience of the individual. Andrew Moore’s career embraces these two facets of archaeology–the individual/short term and collective/long term-- and the papers collected here follow a similar course. In his book on the excavation of Abu Hureyra, a book that goes beyond the rubric of ‘site report’ to truly become a coherent and integrated monograph, Moore and his colleagues draw on multiple lines of evidence to understand the daily lives of the people who lived in this small village by the Euphrates. However, this research team always had a simultaneous focus on the long-term process of the origins of agriculture. In multiple articles Moore has advanced temporal structures for this process, thus engaging in a temporal and geographic scope well beyond the experience of any single person or generation living in the past. In his work, as in the papers collected here, the effort is not to resolve the discrepancy between individual experience and long- term process but rather to keep these two objectives firmly in mind at all times. It is striking that a theme that emerges in the papers collected here is a consideration of how people move through space. Rather than simply apply abstract categories of mobility strategies the authors of these papers ask us to think about a peopled landscape, a landscape of interactions and people in motion. The articles collected here are from a diverse group reflecting the scope of Moore’s influence. Included are collaborators, students, students of students, and some who have not worked directly with Moore but who have been heavily influenced by his research. In inviting submissions we presented little in the way of guidelines except soliciting papers with a geographic focus on the Near East and the Balkans, which have been the focus of Moore’s field research. To our surprise preface 7 the resulting papers are remarkably unified in their attention to the relationship of people to the landscape. Following a review of Moore’s biography and career in archaeology by Katina Lillios, the collection opens with a contribution by Brian Boyd that revisits Moore’s seminal work at Abu Hureyra. Boyd situates the fieldwork at Abu Hureyra in the political history of the modern Middle East. Although the theme of this paper is to provide a critical perspective on the concepts that guide research on the Neolithic, his discussion cannot help but evoke thoughts of the horror facing Syrian people today and the peril to cultural heritage. We can only hope for a day when Syrians are able to return to their lives and the exploration of the rich archaeological record of Syria can resume. Boyd asks us to reconsider the notion of core and periphery as applied to the Natufian. This is a timely and important contribution that puts the earliest occupation of Abu Hureyra in a new perspective and invites us to look at the Natufian with fresh eyes. Boyd’s contribution also raises fundamental questions about the relationship between archaeological place and the people who inhabited these landscapes. The themes raised by Boyd are echoed by Deborah Olszewski, one of Moore’s collaborators in the analysis of materials from Abu Hureyra. Olszewski presents a detailed contextual analysis of the site of Tor Sageer, a small late Upper Paleolithic and initial Epipaleolithic site in the Wadi al-Hasa, Jordan, to look at Late Pleistocene exploitation of marsh environments. She finds that, contrary to expectation, at this particular location the marshland environment was exploited in repeated residential visits rather than as the hub of logistical landscape use. Based on this case study Olszewski emphasizes variation in hunter-gatherer behavior based on specific nuances of environmental context. Lisa Maher then shifts the focus to the other end of the spectrum, to a site with very high intensity of occupation, considering the remarkable archaeological record of the terminal Pleistocene site of Kharaneh IV in Eastern Jordan. Despite the richness of this locality Maher urges us to shift our focus away from the site and towards ‘the spaces between the sites’ and an ‘inclusive social landscape’. Maher’s work also undermines the clarity of the distinction between the lifeways of Neolithic societies and those of their hunter- gatherer predecessors. Sarah Stewart returns to the theme of socially constructed landscapes in her examination of ethnographies of land use on Cyprus and the relevance of these studies for the interpretation of archaeological survey results. Stewart emphasizes the fragmentation of landholdings that results from inheritance practices. She argues that the energetic inefficiency resulting from the need to travel to distant plots of land is balanced by the value of distributed landholdings for social interaction and as a buffer against risk. Based on this ethnographic background Stewart looks at the use of site-catchment analysis in archaeological survey and situates the sites from her own survey work on the Idalion Survey Project within an expanded site-catchment context. Beginning in 2000 Moore shifted the focus of his fieldwork from the Near East to Croatia. His collaborator, Marko Menđušić, provides a historical overview of Neolithic research in Dalmatia and situates Moore’s contribution within this 8 fresh fields and pastures new broader historical context. As Boyd does for the Middle East, Menđušić touches on the impact of political context on the development of archaeological research in the region. Menđušić’s chapter also brings attention to the value of international collaborative programs of research. His contribution is expanded by McClure and Podrug, who emphasize not change but stability in Neolithic adaptations across millennia. This stability in adaptation appears to be crosscut by shifts in social transformations and the demands of the micro-environments of particular sites. Archaeologists tend to focus on terrestrial landscapes and to think of bodies of water as voids where site distributions end. Timothy Kaiser and Stašo Forenbaher question the role of maritime travel for the Neolithic societies of the Adriatic. In their contribution, Kaiser and Forenbaher provide an overview of the currents and wind patterns that would have been of critical importance for early mariners. In this context the archaeological evidence on the island of Palagruza is particularly important, as this was a critical stopover for sailors seeking to avoid night voyages.