P. tricornutum Suppl. Fig. 1 The gene ontology annotations of up- and down-regulated genes of strain CCAP 1055/1. Suppl. Table 1 Permutational MANOVA (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices) of fatty acid content per cell between the two treatment groups (control and grazing) among all strains Suppl. Table 2 Coefficients of linear discriminants of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on the contents in each fatty acid Suppl. Table 3 Two-way ANOVA on LDA results of the contents in each fatty acid Suppl. Table 4 Statistics of clean reads alignment from paired-end sequencing on 9L cultures of strain CCAP 1055/1 Suppl. Table 5 Significantly differential expressed genes in treatment pairs of 9L cultures of strain CCAP 1055/1 Suppl. Table 6 Pathway enrichment analyses on significantly differential expressed genes Suppl. Fig. 1 Suppl. Table 1 PUFA(Polyunsaturated fatty acids) Permutational Multivariate Number of significant Number of significant Strain Analysis of Variance Using different fatty acids different total amount 16:2n4 16:3n4 18:2n6t 18:2n6c (LA) 18 R2 P value (NSD) of fatty acid(NSDT) χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 9L Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.25745 0.3 1 0 NAN 1 NA 3.9706 1 0.0463 NAN 1 NA 2.3333 1 0.1266 0 150 ml Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.27538 0.2 3 1 1 1 0.3173 0 1 1 1 1 0.3173 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.3441 CCAP 632 R2(1,5)=0.39474 0.2 4 0 2.4 1 0.1213 NAN 1 NA NAN 1 NA 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 CCAP 2557 R2(1,5)=0.19544 0.6 0 0 NAN 1 NA 0.066667 1 0.7963 NAN 1 NA 1.1905 1 0.2752 1 CCAP 2558 R2(1,5)=0.52364 0.1 4 0 NAN 1 NA NAN 1 NA NAN 1 NA 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 CCAP 2560 R2(1,5)=0.1466 0.8 2 0 NAN 1 NA 0.053763 1 0.8166 NAN 1 NA 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 MACC B228 R2(1,5)=0.13402 0.7 0 0 NAN 1 NA 1 1 0.3173 NAN 1 NA 0.047619 1 0.82731 SFA(Saturated fatty acids) Permutational Multivariate Number of significant Number of significant Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test Strain Analysis of Variance Using different fatty acids different total amount C12 C13 C14 C15 R2 P value (NSD) of fatty acid(NSDT) χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 9L Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.25745 0.3 0 0 2.3333 1 0.1266 0 1 1 1.1905 1 0.2752 2.3333 1 0.1266 2.3333 150 ml Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.27538 0.2 3 1 0.78431, 1 0.3758 0.78431, 1 0.3758 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 3.8571 CCAP 632 R2(1,5)=0.39474 0.2 3 0 2.3333 1 0.1266 NAN 1 NA 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 CCAP 2557 R2(1,5)=0.19544 0.6 0 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 1 0.3173 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.19608 1 0.6579 0.047619 CCAP 2558 R2(1,5)=0.52364 0.1 5 1 3.8571 1 0.04953 1 1 0.3173 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 3.8571 CCAP 2560 R2(1,5)=0.1466 0.8 2 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 MACC B228 R2(1,5)=0.13402 0.7 2 0 3.8571 1 0.04953 1.3441 1 0.2463 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 TFA(Trans fatty acid) Permutational Multivariate Number of significant Number of significant Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test Strain Analysis of Variance Using different fatty acids different total amount 18:1n9t 18:2n6t TOTAL R2 P value (NSD) of fatty acid(NSDT) χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value 9L Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=NAN NAN 0 0 2.4 1 0.1213 NAN 1 NA 2.4 1 0.1213 150 ml Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=NAN NAN 0 0 NAN 1 NA 1 1 0.3173 1 1 0.3173 CCAP 632 R2(1,5)=0.68139 0.1 2 1 3.8571 1 0.04953 NAN 1 NA 3.8571 1 0.04953 CCAP 2557 R2(1,5)=0.18598 1 0 0 0.42857 1 0.5127 NAN 1 NA 0.42857 1 0.5127 CCAP 2558 R2(1,5)=0.35744 0.2 0 0 2.3333 1 0.1266 NAN 1 NA 2.3333 1 0.1266 CCAP 2560 R2(1,5)=0.28016 0.3 0 0 1.1905 1 0.2752 NAN 1 NA 1.1905 1 0.2752 MACC B228 R2(1,5)=0.28016 0.3 0 0 0.42857 1 0.5127 NAN 1 NA 0.42857 1 0.5127 MUFA(Mono-unsaturated fatty acids) Permutational Multivariate Number of significant Number of significant Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test Strain Analysis of Variance Using different fatty acids different total amount 16:1 17:1 18:1n9c 18:1n9t R2 P value (NSD) of fatty acid(NSDT) χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 9L Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.41862 0.2 0 0 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 2.4 1 0.1213 NAN 150 ml Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.18738 0.4 0 0 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.78431, 1 0.3758 NAN 1 NA 0.066667 CCAP 632 R2(1,5)=0.31093 0.3 1 0 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 1 0.04953 1.1905 CCAP 2557 R2(1,5)=0.15971 0.8 0 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.78431 CCAP 2558 R2(1,5)=0.21446 0.5 2 0 3.8571 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 CCAP 2560 R2(1,5)=0.11559 0.9 0 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 MACC B228 R2(1,5)=0.19289 0.5 1 1 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 LC-PUFA(Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) Permutational Multivariate Number of significant Number of significant Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test Strain Analysis of Variance Using different fatty acids different total amount 18:2n6c (LA) 18:3n6 (GLA) 18:3n3 (ALA) 18:4n3 (SDA) 20:3 R2 P value (NSD) of fatty acid(NSDT) χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 9L Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.09233 0.7 0 0 2.3333 1 0.1266 0 1 1 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 150 ml Sets of CCAP 1055/1 R2(1,5)=0.26983 0.2 3 0 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.3441 1 0.2463 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.78431, 1 0.3758 1.3441 CCAP 632 R2(1,5)=0.59557 0.1 2 0 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.047619 1 0.8273 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 CCAP 2557 R2(1,5)=0.35087 0.4 0 0 1.1905 1 0.2752 1 1 0.3173 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 CCAP 2558 R2(1,5)=0.36633 0.2 3 1 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.053763 1 0.8166 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.42857 CCAP 2560 R2(1,5)=0.1192 0.9 1 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 1 0.3173 0.053763 1 0.8166 3.8571 1 0.04953 1.1905 MACC B228 R2(1,5)=0.09801 0.8 0 0 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 1 0.3173 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test :3n6 (GLA) 18:3n3 (ALA) 18:4n3 (SDA) 20:2n6c 20:3n6 ( DGLA) 20:4n6c (AA) 20:3n3 20:4n3 20 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 1 1 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2463 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.78431, 1 0.3758 0.78431, 1 0.3758 1.3441 1 0.2463 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.066667 1 0.7963 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.04953 0.047619 1 0.8273 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.047619 1 0.8273 4.3548 1 0.0369 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.3173 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 0 1 1 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.1266 0.053763 1 0.8166 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.3173 0.053763 1 0.8166 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 4.3548 1 0.0369 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.3173 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.047619 C16 cis9,10-C17 C17 2OH-C14 C18 cis9,10-C19 3OH-C14 C20 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.48387 1 0.4867 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 1 0.04953 0 1 1 0.78431, 1 0.3758 NAN 1 NA 3.8571 1 0.04953 NAN 1 NA 2.3333 1 0.1266 2.3333 1 0.1266 2.3333 1 0.2752 0.44118 1 0.5066 1.1905 1 0.2752 NAN 1 NA 1.1905 1 0.2752 NAN 1 NA NAN 1 NA 3.8571 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.8273 0.053763 1 0.8166 0.42857 1 0.5127 NAN 1 NA 0.047619 1 0.8273 NAN 1 NA 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.047619 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.04953 NAN 1 NA 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 NAN 1 NA 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 2.3333 1 0.1266 4.3548 1 0.0369 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 1 0.3173 0.42857 1 0.5127 1 1 0.3173 0.42857 1 0.5127 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.42857 18:1n7 20:1n9c 22:1n9c TOTAL df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value 1 NA 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.42857 1 0.5127 2.3333 1 0.1266 1 0.7963 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 1.1905 1 0.2752 1 0.2752 1 1 0.3173 0.48387 1 0.4867 0.42857 1 0.5127 1 0.3758 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 0.5127 0.066667 1 0.7963 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 0.2752 1 1 0.3173 3.9706 1 0.0463 0.42857 1 0.5127 3n6 ( DGLA) 20:4n6c (AA) 20:5n3c (EPA) 22:5n3 (DPA) 22:6n3c (DHA) TOTAL df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value 1 0.2752 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.2752 2.3333 1 0.1266 1.1905 1 0.2752 2.3333 1 0.1266 1 0.2463 3.8571 1 0.04953 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 1 0.04953 0.42857 1 0.5127 3.8571 1 0.04953 1 0.1266 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.047619 1 0.8273 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 0.047619 1 0.8273 2.3333 1 0.1266 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 3.8571 1 0.04953 3.8571 1 0.04953 2.3333 1 0.1266 3.8571 1 0.04953 1 0.2752 4.3548 1 0.0369 0.047619 1 0.8273 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 0.42857 1 0.5127 1 0.5127 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.047619 1 0.8273 0.42857 1 0.5127 1.1905 1 0.2752 0.42857 1 0.5127 0:5n3c(EPA) 22:2n6c 22:5n3 (DPA) 22:6n3c(DHA) TOTAL df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value χ2 df P value 1 0.2752 1 1 0.3173