Red Hat: The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition Richard Petersen McGraw-Hill/Osborne New York Chicago San Francisco UlnLjo n Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan NewDelhi San uan mmm* Se°ul Sinsapore Sydney Toront' ° Contents Acknowledgments i xxvii Introduction xxix Parti Getting Started 1 Introduction to Red Hat Linux 3 Red Hat and Fedora Linux 5 The Fedora Project 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Red Hat Documentation 7 Red Hat Linux Fedora Core 8 Operating Systems and Linux 10 History of Linux and Unix 10 Unix 11 Linux .." 11 Linux Overview 12 Open Source Software 13 Linux Software 14 Linux Office and Database Software 15 Internet Servers 15 Development Resources ; 16 Online Information Sources 18 Documentation 19 2 Installing Red Hat and Fedora Core Linux ;. 21 Hardware, Software, and Information Requirements .'•. 22 Hardware Requirements '. 22 Hard Drive Configuration > 23 Information Requirements I 23 Creating the Boot Disks 25 VJ Red Hat: The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition Installing Linux 27 Starting the Installation Program 27 Partitions, RAID, and Logical Volumes 28 Boot Loaders 30 Network Configuration 30 System Configuration 31 Software Installation 31 X Window System Configuration (Red Hat only) 32 Finishing Installation 33 Setup 33 Login and Logout 34 Boot Disks 35 3 Interface Basics 37 User Accounts 37 Accessing Your Linux System 38 The Display Manager: GDM 38 Accessing Linux from the Command Line Interface 39 Bluecurve: The GNOME and KDE Desktops 41 GNOME 41 KDE 42 Window Managers for Linux 43 Command Line Interface 43 Help 44 4 Red Hat System Configuration 47 Red Hat Administrative Tools 47 Configuring Users 48 Printer Configuration 50 X Window System Configuration: redhat-config-xfree86 52 Updating Red Hat and Fedora Linux with RHN, Yum and APT ... 52 Installing Software Packages 54 Installing Packages with redhat-config-packages 55 Installing Packages with the rpm Command 57 Package Security Check 58 Installing Source Code Applications 59 Security Configuration 60 Security Services 60 Authentication Configuration 63 Unsupported Drivers 63 Bluetooth 64 Bluetooth Configuration 65 Personal Area Networks: PAN 65 Contents VM 5 Red Hat Network Configuration 67 Network Information: Dynamic and Static 68 Network Configuration with Red Hat Network Tools 69 redhat-config-network 69 Network Device Control 73 The Internet Configuration Wizard 73 Virtual Private Networks 75 Interface Configuration Scripts: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 75 Command Line PPP Access: wvdial 76 Wireless Tools 78 iwconfig 78 iwpriv 79 iwspy 80 iwlist 80 linux-wlan 80 Setting Up Your Firewall: redhat-config-securitylevel 81 Configuring a Local Area Network 82 Physical Configuration 83 IP Addressing 83 Assigning IP Addresses: static and dynamic 84 Squid Proxy Server 86 Implementing a DNS Server 86 Configuring the DNS Server with redhat-config-bind 88 Part II Environments 6 GNOME 95 GNOME Enhancements 96 GTK+ 97 The GNOME Interface 97 GNOME Components 98 Start Here Window 99 Quitting GNOME 99 GNOME Help 99 The GNOME Desktop 100 Drag and Drop 100 Application Links 100 Desktop Drive Icons 101 Desktop Menu 101 Window Manager 102 The GNOME File Manager: Nautilus 102 Nautilus Window 102 Nautilus Sidebar: Tree, History, and Notes 103 VJii Red Hat: The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition Nautilus Views 103 Nautilus Menu 104 Navigating Directories 104 Managing Files 105 File and Directory Properties 106 Nautilus Preferences 107 Nautilus as a Web Browser 107 The GNOME Panel 108 Panel Properties 108 Displaying Panels 109 Adding Panels 109 Panel Objects 109 Special Panel Objects Ill GNOME Applets Ill Workspace Switcher 112 GNOME Tasklist 112 GNOME Configuration 112 GNOME Directories and Files 113 GNOME User Directories 114 GConf 114 7 The K Desktop Environment: KDE 115 Qt Library 117 KDE Desktop 117 KDE Menus 118 Quitting KDE 118 KDE Desktop Operations 119 Configuring Your Desktop 119 Desktop Files 120 KDE Windows 121 Virtual Desktops: The KDE Desktop Pager 122 KDE Panel: Kicker 123 The KDE Help Center 124 Applications 124 Application Standard Links 124 Application Desktop Links 125 Mounting CD-ROMs and Floppy Disks from the Desktop 125 KDE File Manager and Internet Client: Konqueror 126 Konqueror Window 126 Navigation Panel 127 Search 128 Navigating Directories 128 Copy, Move, Delete, Rename, and Link Operations 129 Web and FTP Access 130 Contents ix KDE Configuration: KDE Control Center 130 .kde and Desktop User Directories 132 MIME Types and Associated Applications 132 KDE Directories and Files 132 8 The Shell 135 The Command Line 135 Command Line Editing 136 Command and Filename Completion 137 History 137 History Events 138 History Event Editing 140 Configuring History: HISTFILE and HISTSAVE 141 Filename Expansion: *,?,[] 141 Matching Multiple Characters 142 Matching Single Characters 143 Matching a Range of Characters 143 Matching Shell Symbols 144 Generating Patterns 144 Standard Input/Output and Redirection 145 Redirecting the Standard Output: > and » 145 The Standard Input 148 Pipes: I 148 Redirecting and Piping the Standard Error: >&, 2> 149 Jobs: Background, Kills, and Interruptions 150 Running Jobs in the Background 150 Job Notification 151 Bringing Jobs to the Foreground 152 Stopping and Suspending Jobs 152 Shell Variables 153 Definition and Evaluation of Variables: =, $, set, unset 153 Shell Scripts: User-Defined Commands 155 Executing Scripts 155 Script Arguments 155 Control Structures 156 Test Operations 157 Conditional Control Structures 158 Loop Control Structures 160 Filters and Regular Expressions 161 Searching Files: grep 162 Regular Expressions 163 9 Shell Configuration 165 Aliases 165 Aliasing Commands and Options 166 Red Hat: The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition Aliasing Commands and Arguments 166 Aliasing Commands 167 Controlling Shell Operations 167 Environment Variables and Subshells: export 169 Configuring Your Shell with Shell System Variables 169 System Variables 170 Configuring Your Login Shell: .bash_profile 174 Configuring the BASH Shell: .bashrc 177 The BASH Shell Logout File: .bashjogout 178 Initialization and Configuration Files 178 Configuration Directories and Files 179 10 Managing Linux Files, Directories, and Archives 181 Linux Files 182 The File Structure 184 Home Directories 185 Pathnames 185 System Directories 186 Listing, Displaying, and Printing Files: Is, cat, more, less, and lpr 187 Displaying Files: cat, less, and more 188 Printing Files: lpr, lpq, and lprm 188 Managing Directories: mkdir, rmdir, Is, cd, and pwd 189 Creating and Deleting Directories 190 Displaying Directory Contents 190 Moving Through Directories 191 Referencing the Parent Directory 191 File and Directory Operations: find, cp, mv, rm, and In 192 Searching Directories: find 192 Copying Files 193 Moving Files 195 Copying and Moving Directories 196 Erasing Files and Directories: the rm Command 196 Links: the In Command 197 - The mtools Utilities: msdos 199 Copying Files to a DOS Floppy 199 mtools Commands 200 Configuring mtools: /etc/ mtools.conf 201 Copying Files to a DOS Partition 202 Archiving and Compressing Files 202 Archiving and Compressing Files with File Roller 202 Archive Files and Devices: tar 203 File Compression: gzip, bzip2, and zip 207 Contents xi Part 111 Applications 11 Office and Database Applications 213 Accessibility to Microsoft Office 214 OpenOffice 214 KOffice 216 KOffice Applications 216 KParts 217 GNOME Office and Ximian 217 Document Viewers (PostScript, PDF, and DVI) 219 Database Management Systems 220 SQL Databases (RDMS) 220 Xbase Databases 223 Editors 223 GNOME Editor: gedit 224 K Desktop Editors: Kate, KEdit, and KJots 225 The Emacs Editor 225 The Vi Editor: Vim and gvim 226 12 Graphics Tools and Multimedia 231 Graphics Tools 232 KDE Graphics Tools 232 GNOME Graphics Tools 232 X Window System Graphic Programs 233 Multimedia 234 Sound Applications 234 CD Burners 235 Video Applications 236 13 Mail and News Clients 237 Mail Clients 237 MIME 238 Evolution 239 GNOME Mail Clients: Evolution, Balsa, and Others 240 The K Desktop Mail Client: KMail 241 X Mail Clients: Mozilla and Emacs 241 Command Line Mail Clients 242 Notifications of Received Mail 245 Accessing Mail on Remote POP Mail Servers 246 Usenet News 247 News Transport Agents 250 Mailing Lists 250 Newsreaders 251 XJi Red Hat: The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition 14 Web, FTP, and Java Clients 253 Web Clients 254 URL Addresses 254 Web Browsers 256 Creating Your Own Web Site 259 Java for Linux: Blackdown 260 The Java 2 Software Development Kit: SDK 261 FTP Clients 262 Network File Transfer: FTP 262 Web Browser-Based FTP: Mozilla 263 The K Desktop File Manager: Konqueror 263 GNOME Desktop FTP: Nautilus 264 gFTP 264 NcFTP 265 NcFTP Download Features 268 Bookmarks and Macros 269 ftp 270 Automatic Login and Macros: .netrc 274 lftp 276 15 Network Tools 277 Network Information: ping, finger, traceroute, and host 277 ping 277 finger and who 278 host 279 traceroute 279 Network Talk and Messenger Clients: ICQ, IRC, AIM, and Talk ... 280 ICQ 281 Instant Messenger 281 Telnet 282 RSH, Kerberos, and SSH Remote Access Commands 283 Remote Access Permission: .rhosts and .k51ogin 284 rlogin, slogin, rep, scp, rsh, and ssh 284 Part IV Security 16 Encryption, Integrity Checks, and Signatures: GNU Privacy Guard 289 Public Key Encryption, Integrity Checks, and Digital Signatures .. 289 Public-Key Encryption 289 Digital Signatures 290 Integrity Checks 290 Combining Encryption and Signatures