Animal farming in transition – the role of animal reproduction: Mastitis symposium Proceedings from a symposium at the St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Russia January 10-12, 2007 CRU Report 19 Renée Båge, Nina Fedosova, Kirill Plemyashov and Maria Stakheeva (editors) Uppsala, 2007 Supported by WELCOME to CRU’s homepage! www-cru.slu.se ISSN 1404-5915 ISBN 978-91-576-7205-6 ©2007 CRU Report 19, Uppsala Tryck: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2007 Contents Foreword 5 List of participants 7 Speakers: Biology of Milking Svennersten-Sjaunja K 9 Mastitis – How Does It Develop and Why Does It Occur? Östensson K 10 Mastitis Treatment in Swedish Milk Production Landin H 11 The Swedish Concept for Systematic Preventive Mastitis Control Landin H, Ekman T, Hallén Sandgren C, Waldner J, Gyllenswärd, M 12 The Analysis of the Etiology, Diagnostics and Treatment of Mastitis in Breeding Farms of Northwest Region of the Russian Federation Stakheeva M, Plemyashov K 13 Comparative Microbiological Analysis of Quality of Unboiled Milk from Healthy Cows and Cows Suffering from Endometritis Nikolaeva NV 16 Mastitis Pathogenic Agents’ Spectrum in Cows’ Milk Jemeljanovs A, Konosonoka IH, Dulbinskis J 17 Changes in Immunological Parameters and Lactose in Cows with Increased Somatic Cell Count in Milk Lusis I, Kocina I, Antāne V, Jemeljanovs L 18 The Dynamics of Microbial Contamination in Goat’s Milk in Association with the Season Rudevica D, Jemeļjanovs A, Konošonoka IH 19 An Overview about Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Done in Estonia during Recent Years Kalmus P 20 Somatic Cell Count as an Indicator of Mastitis Kiiman H, Pärna E, Viinalass H, Kaart T, Saveli O 22 Dairy Cattle Production in Lithuania Masiulis M, Riskeviciene V 23 Prevention of Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis of Dairy Herds Šiugždaitė J 24 Current Activities of Mastitis Research in Lithuania Januškauskas A, Riskeviciene V 25 Problems of Mastitis in Cows on the Farms of the Republic of Belarus and Ways of their Solution Kuzmich RG 26 Mastitis and Quality of Milk Lavushau V, Lavusheva S 27 The Ionometrical Method for Diagnostics of Subclinical Mastitis in Cows Letunovich AA 28 The Morpho-Biochemical Composition of Milk at Different Forms of Mastitis in Cows Mironchik SV 29 Complex Spectrum Electromagnetic Waves Influence for Animal Treatment Fedosova N, Tamelo A, Murav’ev V 30 CRU Publication Series 31 Foreword The Mastitis Symposium arranged at the St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Russia, on January 10-12 is part of the network programme “Animal farming in transition – the role of animal reproduction”. The following academic institutions are included in the network: The St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and the Academy of Management and Agribusiness in St Petersburg, the Belarussian Academy of Agriculture, the Estonian University of Life Sciences, the Latvian University of Agriculture, the Lithuanian Veterinary Academy and finally, the Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). The cooperation is financially supported by “Visbyprogrammet”, the Swedish Institute, Stockholm. This is the first symposium arranged within the newly extended network that initially involved the three Baltic States and Sweden, which has been successfully running since 1999 with the support by the Swedish Institute. Mastitis was the topic given the highest priority by the network countries when we planned for this symposium. It is beyond doubts the most costly problem for dairy farmers with impact on production, health and wellbeing of the individual animal and the herd, and moreover, on food quality and food safety. The symposium offers a variety of information in the field of mastitis, including introductory presentations on the physiology of lactation and the pathogenesis of mastitis. Scientific studies on different diagnostic tools and therapeutic regimens will be described, as well as preventive measures against mastitis. Speakers from all sex countries will provide information about the national dairy production and identify specific problems and current research in this field. With this common scientific focus on mastitis we would like to create a platform for collegial discussions on the problem and invite to future scientific cooperation in the Baltic region. On behalf of the national programme coordinators, Drs. Triin Hallap in Estonia, Vita Riskeviciene in Lithuania, Vita Antane in Latvia, Renée Båge in Sweden, Nina Fedosova in Russia and Viktor Lavushev in Belarus, we wish you pleasant reading! Uppsala and St Petersburg in January 2007 Renée Båge, Nina Fedosova, Kirill Plemyashov and Maria Stakheeva (editors) 5 Participants BELARUS Kuzmich, Rastsislau Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Department of obstetrics and biotechnology reproduction in animals Lavushev, Viktor Belarus State Agricultural Academy, Gorky Lavusheva, Svetlana Belarus State Agricultural Academy, Gorky Letunovich Alexandr Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Department of obstetrics and biotechnology reproduction in animals [email protected] Mironchik Svetlana Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Department of obstetrics and biotechnology reproduction in animals [email protected] Tamelo Alexandr Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Antennas and High Frequency Device cathedral [email protected] ESTONIA Kalmus, Piret Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Therapy, Tartu [email protected] Kask, Kalle Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Therapy, Tartu [email protected] Kiiman, Heli Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Tartu [email protected] Pärna, Elli Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Tartu [email protected] 6 LATVIA Antàne, Vita Clinical institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture (LUA), Jelgava [email protected] Duļbinskis, Jevgenijs Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia University of Agriculture (LUA), Sigulda [email protected] Lùsis, Ivars Clinical institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture (LUA), Jelgava [email protected] Rudèvica, Daiga Clinical institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture (LUA), Jelgava [email protected] LITHUANIA Januskauskas, Aloyzas Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Non- Infectious diseases, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Kaunas [email protected] Masiulis, Marius State Animal Breeding Supervision Service under the Ministry of Agriculture, Vilnius [email protected] Riskeviciene, Vita Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious diseases, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Kaunas [email protected] Siugzdaite, Jurate Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Kaunas [email protected] NORTHWEST RUSSIA Andreev Genadiy, Mihaylovich St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Fedosova, Nina Academy Management and Agrobuziness, St Petersburg [email protected] Moeseenko, Denis St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Natalya Nikolaeva Academy Management and Agrobuziness, St Petersburg Paromonov, Stas St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 7 Plemyashov, Kirill Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [email protected] Stakheeva, Maria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of St Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [email protected] SWEDEN Båge, Renée Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala [email protected] Landin, Håkan Swedish Dairy Association & Härjedalens Animal Health Service [email protected] Magnusson, Ulf Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, Dept of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala [email protected] Svennersten-Sjaunja, Kerstin Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Kungsängen’s Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala [email protected] Östensson, Karin Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala [email protected] 8 Biology of Milking Svennersten-Sjaunja K Dept of Animal Nutrition and Management, Kungsängen’s Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden [email protected] More than 2000 years B.C., Egyptian mural paintings depicted the milking procedure. They knew that the process of milking is extremely sensitive and should be carefully managed. To stimulate milk let down, the calf was kept close to the cow, a routine that is still practised in several countries. During the middle ages the routine feeding during milking was described, but it was not until the 20th century that the physiology behind the milk ejection was understood. Milk ejection was described as a neuro-hormonal reflex. Stimulation of nerves in the