DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 436 795 CS 510 174 AUTHOR McKinney, Bruce C. TITLE The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual, 1997. INSTITUTION Carolinas Speech Communication Association, Winston-Salem, NC PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 87p.; For the annual volumes of this serial for the time period 1995-1999, see CS 510 172-176. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022)-- Opinion Papers (120)-- Reports Research (143) JOURNAL CIT Carolinas Speech Communication Annual; v13 1997 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Communication Research; Conflict; Gender Issues; Higher Education; *Indexes; Metaphors; *Persuasive Discourse; Political Campaigns; Scholarship; *Speech Communication IDENTIFIERS Fantasy Theme Analysis; Metonymy; Reagan (Ronald); UNESCO ABSTRACT This 1997 is-sue of "The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual" contains the following articles: "'Bridges of Understanding': UNESCO's Creation of a Fantasy for the American Public" (Michael H. Eaves and Charles F. Beadle, Jr.); "Developing a Communication Cooperative: A Student, Faculty, and Organizational Learning Experience" (Peter M. Kellett and Mary Leigh Wallace); "Strom Thurmond and the Metonymic Campaign of 1996" (Roy J. Schwartzman); "Definition and Metaphor in Ronald Reagan's Drug Control Discourse" (Ronald 0. Wastyn); "The Gender Factor in Negotiations" (Jason M. Lewis); and "Analysis of Campus Conflict Using the Analysis Schema" (Rex M. Fuller and William D. Kimsey). An index to "The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual Volumes I-XIII" concludes the issue.(NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual, Volume 13. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND CENTER (ERIC) DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS tfThis document has been reproduced as BEST COPY AVAILABLE received from the person or organization BEEN GRANTED BY originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to War -1-2_0.46, improve reproduction quality. °Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES official OERI position or policy. INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 2 CS 5io -p-A THE CAROLINAS SPEECH COMMUNICATION ANNUAL Published By The Carolinas Speech Communication Association "BRIDGES OF UNDERSTANDING" UNESCO'S CREATION OF A FANTASY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC Michael H. Eaves and Charles F. Beadle, Jr. DEVELOPING A COMMUNICATION COOPERATIVE: A STUDENT, FACULTY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING EXPERIENCE Peter M. Kellett and Mary Leigh Wallace STROM THURMOND AND THE METONYMIC CAMPAIGN OF 1996 Roy J. Schwartzman DEFINITION AND METAPHOR IN RONALD REAGAN'S DRUG CONTROL DISCOURSE Ronald 0. Wastyn THE GENDER FACTOR IN NEGOTIATIONS Jason M. Lewis ANALYSIS OF CAMPUS CONFLICT USING THE ANALYSIS SCHEMA Rex M. Fuller.and William D. Kimsey INDEX TO THE CAROLINAS SPEECH COMMUNICATION ANNUAL VOLUMES I-XIII fr) Volume XIII 1997 3 THE CAROLINAS SPEECH COMMUNICATION ANNUAL Volume XIII 1997 "BRIDGES OF UNDERSTANDING" UNESCO'S CREATION OF A FANTASY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC Michael H. Eaves and Charles F. Beadle, Jr. 3 DEVELOPING A COMMUNICATION COOPERATIVE: A STUDENT, FACULTY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING EXPERIENCE Peter M. Kellett and Mary Leigh Wallace 20 STROM THURMOND AND THE METONYMIC CAMPAIGN OF 1996 Roy J. Schwartzman 32 DEFINITION AND METAPHOR IN RONALD REAGAN'S DRUG CONTROL DISCOURSE Ronald 0. Wastyn 50 THE GENDER FACT R IN NEGOTIATIONS Jason M. Lewis 62 ANALYSIS OF CAMPUS CONFLICT USING THE ANALYSIS SCHEMA Rex M. Fuller and William D. Kimsey 69 INDEX TO THE CAROLINAS SPEECH COMMUNICATION ANNUAL VOLUMES I-XIII 79 CONTRIBUTO S 83 THE CAROLINAS SPEECH COMMUNICATIONANNUAL Editor Bruce C. McKinney Universitiof North Carolinaat Wilmington Associate Editors Louis F. Buttino--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington Patricia Comeaux--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington Patricia A. Cutspec--Western Carolina University Myrna Foster-Kuehn--Clarion University of Pennsylvania William K. Laakso--Ipswich High School, Ipswich, MA George P. Lellis--Coker College Stephen J. Pullum--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington Lloyd E. Rohler--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington Steven A. Rollman--James Madison University Carole E. Tallant--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington Frank P. Trimble--University of North Carolinaat Wilmington CALL FOR PAPERS The editor would like to thank the hard work ofthe associate editors over the past two years for their service to the CSCA. Those wishing to make contributions for Volume XIV should check NCA's Spectre for the name and address of thenew editor who will be elected at the 1997 conference of the Carolinas Speech Communication Association Convention in Charleston, South Carolina. Individualsmay also E- mail the former editor after the CSCAconvention for the name and address of thenew editor at MCKINNEYB@UNCWILEDU. cJ "BRIDGES OF UNDERSTANDING" UNESCO'S CREATION OF A FANTASY FOR THE AMERICAN PUBLIC Michael H. Eaves and Charles F. Beadle, Jr. As evidenced by World War II, the League of Nations had not maintained global peace. The United Nations (UN), thus, was formed in 1945 with the express purpose of peacekeeping between nations.' The founders hoped that the newly formed body and its subsidiary agencies would not make its predecessor's mistakes. Several of the subsidiary agencies of the UN, however, were characterized by many in the U.S. as greedy and lustful for power. The major recipient of such criticism was the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UNESCO was formed in response to a need for educational and scientific research among various cultures. The Reagan administration charged that the Paris-based agency had undergone major changes in philosophy and commitment that brought it into conflict with American ideology. After giving UNESCO a one year warning, the U.S. withdrew its membership from this organization in 1983. This essay will attempt to provide a review of Bormann's fantasy theme analysis as a critical tool; describe the historical development of the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO, including the media treatment of the event; describeBridges of Understanding,a media attack made by UNESCO in response to the U.S. media; apply fantasy theme analysis in a critique of the UNESCO film; and shed new light on the media's role in the treatment, criticism, and response to the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO. THE CRITICAL METHOD: FANTASY THEME ANALYSIS Ernest Bormann, in his work "Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality," lays the groundwork for the rhetorical tool.' Bormann draws on small group communication research, especially from the work of Robert Bales.' 3 My argument is that these moments happen not only in individual reactions to works of art, or in a small group's chaining out a fantasy theme, but also in larger groups hearing. a public speech. The dramatizations which catch on and chain out in small groups are worked into public speeches and into the mass media and, in turn, spread out across larger publics, serve to sustain the member's sense of community, to impel them strongly to action (which raises the question of motivation), and to provide them with a social reality filled with heroes, villains, emotions, and attitudes.' Fantasy theme analysis offers a contemporary, fresh perspective of looking at rhetorical events and artifacts, especially in television and film. Foss and Littlejohn used it in their analysis of The Day After in 1986,5 and Foss suggested its use for this purpose as recently as 1996. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF UNESCO At the center of the decision leading to the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO was Amadou-Hahtar M'Bow, Senegalese Secretary General of UNESCO from 1974 to 1984. Having been ousted by the Senegalese government,in the early 1970's, M'Bow fit the need for an African to assume the post at UNESCO. The U.S. now faced in UNESCO a situation similar to their position in other areas of the UN- -a loss of power. M'Bow consistently favored African and Eastern Bloc nations in policy decisions.' PROBLEMS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL The problems cited as reasons for U.S. withdrawal fell into three categories--the perceived politicization of the organization, the financial burden placed on the U.S., and the lack of reform in UNESCO. 4 Politicization of UNESCO One repoit suggested that UNESCO attacked Westernideals, alienated the U.S. from other members, and supportedpress censorship, third world rhetoric, and statist policies.' David Bell wrote: Stated simply, UNESCO doesn't workanymore. Its politicization, its advocacy of "statist" policies suchas N.W.I.C.O. (New World International Communication Order), and its sheer inefficiency leave its operations hopelessly confused and ineffectual."' Another writer noted that UNESCOwas "vengeful" and run by a so- called "Yugoslav mafia" of bureaucrats.' The Nationput the problem into perspective: Lurid stories of its dreadful bureaucracy, rampant patronage and wasteful spending do not much help the image of an organization dedicated to upholding the core values of civilization. More important, still, have been such emotional issues as UNESCO's votesto condemn Israel ....11 The UNESCO organization seemed to be unable totone down the negative voices from third world country leaders.' Sanctions prevented Israel from participating in the organization,"a decision that was not reversed untilyears after the U.S.