Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1982 Analogues of Steffimycinone David Wayne Elrod Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Elrod, David Wayne, "Analogues of Steffimycinone" (1982). Master's Theses. 1697. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1697 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANALOGUES OF STEFFIMYCINONE by David Wayne Elrod A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department o f Chemistry Western Michigan U niversity Kalamazoo, Michigan A pril 1982 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ANALOGUES OF STEFFIMYCINONE David Wayne Elrod, M.A. Western Michigan U niversity, 1982 Several analogues o f Steffimycinone - an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic - have been prepared. Modifications were made at C-7 and C-10 of the non-aromatic A ring portion of the anthracycline nucleus. Compounds with nitrogen substituents were prepared. The synthesis of these compounds is discussed as well as their antitumor activity. The unsuccessful approaches to several other analogues are also discussed. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would lik e to express my appreciation to Dr. Paul F. Wiley of The Upjohn Company fo r his in sp ira tio n , guidance and encouragement. Without his patience and counsel th is work would not have been possible. I am indebted to my advisor, Dr. Robert E. Harmon, for his guidance and patience throughout th is project. I would also lik e to thank The Upjohn Company for providing educational assistance. David Wayne Elrod Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in "sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB RD., ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1316331 j ELROD, DAVID WAYNE I ANALOGUES OF STEFFIMYCINONE. WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY, M.A., 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB RD„ ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................. i i LIST OF TABLES...................... iv LIST OF FIGURES............................................................... v INTRODUCTION......................................................... 1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE............................................................................. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................... 8 Jones O x id a tio n .................................................................. 10 Modification of Steffimycinone at C-10 ...................... 10 Modification of Steffimycinone at C -7 ...................... ... .19 Antitumor Activity ............................................... 25 EXPERIMENTAL ................... ........ 27 G e n e ra l............................................. • 27 Reactions ..................................................... ... • • • 28 7-Ketosteffimycinone.............................................................. 28 7-0-Formylsteffimycinone. ............................................. 29 Steffimycinone 10-0xime . ............................................. 30 7-Deoxy-10-a'mino-10-deoxysteffimycinones.............................. 31 Steffimycinone 7-0xime ............................................................. 33. 7-0-£-Toluenesulfonylsteffimycinone................................... 34 7-Azido-7-deoxysteffimycinone ............. 35 REFERENCES............................................................................................ 37 i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Activity of Steffimycin Analogues Against L I210 Mouse Leukemia in V itro . .26 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Synthetic Approaches........................ 8 Figure 2 Oxirne Approaches. ........................ 9 Figure 3 Modification at C-7 ........................ 20 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION The anthracycline antibiotics are among the most important and most widely used drugs available for the treatment of cancer. The most prominent member of the anthracycline antibiotic family is doxo­ rubicin (adriamycin) (J). CH,0 Doxorubicin has excellent activity against a wide variety of solid tumors and leukemias. In fa c t, doxorubicin has the broadest range of clinical usefulness of all the anticancer drugs currently in clinical use . 1 Its main lim ita tio n in cancer chemotherapy is the cumulative dose dependent ca rd io to xicity which occurs when the to ta l dose exceeds 550 mg/m2. This cardiotoxicity leads to congestive heart failure in 30% of patients who exceed this dose1 and is fatal in most o f these cases. For th is reason drug treatment must be suspended, even though the cancer is s t i l l responding to the doxo­ rubicin. A considerable amount of effort has been devoted to pre­ 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. paring other anthracyclines which would retain the anticancer a c tiv ity of doxorubicin but not be as cardiotoxic. Several compounds have been prepared and are under evaluation by the National Cancer Institute. Included among these are AD-32, rubidazone, aclacinomycin A and 7-(R)-0-methylnogarol. The development of improved anthracyclines by chemical m odification has provided the impetus fo r th is work. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Steffimycin (2) and steffimycin B (3) are anthracycline antibio­ tics which are only very modestly active as antitumor agents. How­ ever, the steffim.ycins are members of a subgroup of three anthra­ cyclines whose structures differ markedly from the other anthracy­ clines. ^ 113 12 * 9 OCH 0 OH 0CH3 2 R=H 3 R=CH3 The steffimycins differ from doxorubicin by having a 2,4,6 substitution pattern on the anthracycline nucleus, compared to a 4,6,11 substitution for doxorubicin. Other differences consist of a methyl at C-9 instead o f an oxygenated ethyl side chain, a methoxy group at C- 8 , a keto group at C-10 and a neutral sugar instead o f an amino sugar at C-7. In view of these differences with other anthracyclines the steffimycins were thought to be worthwhile candidates for modification. Since the steffimycins showed such low antitumor activity the aglycone, steffimycin­ one (4) was chosen as the sta rtin g point. 3 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited