COLORADO STATEWIDE DATA REPORT BY: THE COLORADO PROJECT TO COMPREHENSIVELY COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROJECT TEAM October 2013 June 2013 The Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking prepared this report with the support of the Embrey Family Foundation. Opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Embrey Family Foundation. About the Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking (LCHT) LCHT is a Colorado-based nonprofit organization whose vision is to create an informed social change movement dedicated to combating human trafficking. Its mission is to compel data- driven actions to end combat human trafficking by conducting through community-based research, training professionals and first responders, and educating the public education, leadership development, and intentional collaboration. Publisher: Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking Denver, CO United States of America Tel: 303 / 295 - 0451 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.combathumantrafficking.org About the Embrey Family Foundation The Embrey Family Foundation’s mission is to cultivate human rights awareness and advance initiatives that challenge and embolden people to walk better in the world. Their Mission Without Borders initiative “operates with a compelling sense of urgency to act and an understanding that the foundation has the resources available to help affect vital change…in the areas of: Human Rights; Domestic Human Trafficking; Women and Girls Leadership; Racial and Gender Equity; Arts as a Social Change Agent; and Women’s Media. It is the Embrey Family Foundation’s hope that their long term, strategic Mission Without Borders initiative will catalyze action toward achieving systemic solutions in our focus areas, as well as serve as a model for innovative and impactful philanthropy for our times. © 2013 Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Colorado Project Statewide Data Report 2 Acknowledgements: A Necessary Mix of Interdisciplinary Perspectives In the true spirit of a laboratory, this project could not have been completed without the mix of perspectives from these special contributors who generously and patiently provided significant input on various aspects of the project. This report is based on the work of many staff and subcontractors of the Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking. Project Management was supervised by Amanda Finger, M.A. and Rhonda Young, M.A. The research was conducted by AnnJanette Alejano-Steele, Ph.D., Lindsey Breslin, MSSW, Brittney Dahl, B.A., Philip Gazley, Mary Robertson, ABD, David Shaw, M.A., James Smithwick, M.A., and Rhonda Young, M.A. Project Communications were led by K. Berger, MPA. We appreciate the partnership with additional Colorado Project Team members Susan Anderson, Janessa Boteler, Catherine Bowman, and Patricia Medige, J.D. Special thanks go to two teams that provided expertise and feedback throughout the project. The Colorado Project National Advisory Board was comprised of: Paul Bernish, M.A., Bill Bernstein, M.S., LPC, Jack Blakey, J.D., Sheana Bull, Ph.D., MPH (served 2011-2012), Catherine Chen, MPH, Gayle Embrey, M.A., LPC, CACII, Amy Farrell, Ph.D., Kirsten Foot, Ph.D., Kathy Maskell, M.S. Ed., and Lt. John Vanek. At the state level, we were guided by the Colorado Project State Advisory Board: Brian Abbrecht, Thomas Acker, M.A., Ph.D., Flora Archuleta, Kathleen Brendza, MNPM, Sheana Bull, Ph.D., MPH (served 2011-2012), Anne Darr, M.A., Janet Drake, J.D., Betty Edwards, MBA, Gayle Embrey, M.A., LPC, CACII, Brad Hopkins, ThM, Magalie Lerman, Annaken Mendoza-Toews, MSW, Cynthia Newkirk-Noah, Barbara Paradiso, MPA, and Jen le Roux, EdM, and Jack Wylie, BA. We are additionally grateful for critical support from Colorado Project Contributors--colleagues, interns and volunteers who were involved in strategic planning, research and implementation: Joanna Murray, Executive Director, The Leadership Investment; Lauren Croucher; Guttau Public Relations; Jonnye Phifer, Esq.; Savannah Sanburg; Joanna Murray, President and CEO, The Leadership Investment; Iuliia Kononenko, Wendy Lu McGill, Danielle Alfaro, Kimberly Hunt, Alyssa Zucker, Sarah Williams, Research Interns, Summer 2011 Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking Leadership Development Program; Carollann Braum, Krasi Shapkarova, Alisa Arnold, Sarah Zimmerman, Mary Durant, Amy Muetterties, Madison Goehring, and Ryan Beck Turner, Research Interns, 2012-2013 Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking Leadership Development Program; Brandt C. Alejano-Steele and Olivia K. Alejano-Steele. We also thank Metropolitan State University of Denver (Institute for Women’s Studies & Services) for additional support for Dr. Alejano-Steele as part of her faculty reassigned time for the project. A special thank you to Gayle Embrey, whose leadership and support on this project were essential in bringing it to fruition. The research for and the preparation and publication of this report were supported by a grant from the Embrey Family Foundation. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those who funded or took part in the research. Colorado Project Statewide Data Report 3 Table of Contents • Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 3 • Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 4 • List of Tables ................................................................................................................... 6 • List of Figures ........................................................................................................... 10 • Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 11 • Study Background ........................................................................................................ 16 o What Would it Take to End Human Trafficking in Colorado? .............................. 16 § The Colorado Project within International and National Contexts ........... 18 o Project Research Statement and the 4Ps ........................................................... 19 o Colorado Project Phase III ................................................................................. 25 § The Four Phases of the Colorado Project .............................................. 25 § State Advisory Board .............................................................................. 25 o State Context: The Social Ecology of Colorado ................................................. 26 § Social Ecology Model ............................................................................. 26 § Colorado: General Demographics .......................................................... 29 § Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations in Colorado ............................ 29 o Partnering Parallel Movements for the Colorado Project ................................... 36 o Brief history of the Colorado Anti-trafficking Movement ...................................... 37 § Examples of Colorado Trafficking Cases ............................................... 39 • Research Methods ....................................................................................................... 43 o Survey ................................................................................................................ 43 o Focus Groups and Informational Interviews ....................................................... 45 o Data Collection ................................................................................................... 50 o Data Analyses ..................................................................................................... 51 • Results and Findings ................................................................................................... 53 o Prevention Promising Practices & Data ............................................................. 53 o Protection Promising Practices & Data .............................................................. 69 o Prosecution Promising Practices & Data ............................................................ 93 o Partnership Promising Practices & Data ........................................................... 121 • Data Discussion ......................................................................................................... 139 o 4P Strengths (Prevalence) and Gaps Summaries ............................................ 139 § Prevention Promising Practices ............................................................ 139 Colorado Project Statewide Data Report 4 § Protection Promising Practices ............................................................. 142 § Prosecution Promising Practices .......................................................... 144 § Partnership Promising Practices ........................................................... 147 § Limitations ............................................................................................ 150 • Colorado Project Phase IV ....................................................................................... 152 o State Advisory