VOLUME IX, ISSUE 13 uAPRIL 1, 2011 IN THIS ISSUE: BRIEFS..................................................................................................................................1 THE KHURASAN MUJAHIDEEN SEEK TO ELIMINATE ESPIONAGE IN WAZIRISTAN By Zia Ur Rehman....................................................................................................4 NEW TENSIONS IN KIRKUK AS KURDISH PESHMERGA SURROUND CITY By Michael Gunter.......................................................................................................6 Khurasan Mujahideen in Waziristan SOLIDARITY IN RESISTANCE: MIDDLE EAST REVOLUTIONS STRENGTHEN HEZBOLLAH By Chris Zambelis....................................................................................................8 Terrorism Monitor is a publication of The Jamestown Foundation. The Terrorism Monitor is SYRIAN REGIME DEPLOYS MILITARY IN NAVAL PORT OF LATAKIA designed to be read by policy- makers and other specialists For the first time in his 11 years as ruler of Syria, President Bashar al-Assad has yet be accessible to the general deployed elements of the Syrian military against a domestic target – the protesters public. The opinions expressed that had taken to the streets of the Syrian port of Latakia to demand political within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily and economic reforms (Reuters, March 28). The insertion of the military on reflect those of The Jamestown March 27 came as official sources reported the death of 12 individuals in Latakia Foundation. on March 26, including demonstrators and security officials (Syrian Arab News Agency [SANA], March 27). Unauthorized reproduction or Though the region surrounding Latakia is dominated by members of the ruling redistribution of this or any Jamestown publication is strictly Alawite faith, the city itself (350 km northwest of Damascus) is a mix of Alawites, prohibited by law. Sunni Muslims and Christians. Since a 1966 internal coup within the Ba’ath Party, Alawites have dominated Syrian politics despite being a national minority that many orthodox Muslims believe has only superficial connections to Islam. Alawites continue to dominate the highest ranks of the Syrian military and the intelligence services. Latakia was recently in the news as the port where two Iranian naval ships docked after passing through the Suez Canal (see Terrorism Monitor, March 10). While in Latakia, Iranian Admiral Habibollah Sayyari and Syrian naval commander Lieutenant General Talib al-Barri signed an agreement of mutual For comments or questions about naval cooperation (Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran Radio 1, February 26). our publications, please send an The small Syrian Navy consists of two frigates, at least ten missile attack craft email to [email protected], or and a host of smaller craft. Latakia is one of four ports used by the Syrian Navy. contact us at: Syrian officials were incensed by remarks from Muslim Brother and well-known 1111 16th St. NW, Suite #320 Islamic scholar Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, who told a Doha mosque congregation Washington, DC • 20036 that Arab regimes such as Syria’s were failing to learn from each other’s mistakes, Tel: (202) 483-8888 Fax: (202) 483-8337 continuing repressive policies despite the “train of the Arab revolution” having Copyright ©2011 TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE TERRORISM MONITOR, VISIT http://www.jamestown.org TerrorismMonitor Volume IX u Issue 13 u April 1, 2011 arrived in Syria. Al-Qaradawi described Assad as “a Lebanese and pointed to a foreign conspiracy: “The only prisoner of his corrupted entourage” and predicted side happy with what is happening in Syria is Israel, and that the Syrian army would play “a decisive role” in some members of [U.S.] Congress who are mobilizing determining Syria’s future (Gulf Times, March 26). against Syria” (al-Watan, March 27). Damascus has Assad’s media advisor responded to the shaykh’s charges been organizing pro-government marches in which the by saying: “‘According to all Koranic or faith logic, it participants stress “their rejection and condemnation of is not up to a cleric to incite sedition; and this is not the organized foreign campaigns targeting Syria’s safety, one of the tasks of men of religion at all” (al-Watan stability and national unity” (SANA, March 26). [Damascus], March 27). In his first remarks on the unrest in Syria, President Assad The Assad regime has taken extraordinary lengths to declined on March 30 to repeal the 1963 emergency law pin responsibility for the disturbances on a host of with its wide powers for repression, a key demand of foreign sources rather than acknowledge discontent the protesters. Having identified the source of Syria’s within Syria. On March 11, Syrian security forces unrest as a “foreign conspiracy,” the president’s speech reported seizing a shipment of arms from Iraq that was was followed by hundreds of protesters taking to the crossing the border into Syria in a refrigerated truck streets of Latakia to chant “Freedom” (Reuters, March (SANA, March 11). Iranian and Hezbollah sources 30). The Syrian cabinet resigned en masse on March have described an anti-Syrian conspiracy centered on 29 as Facebook activists try to organize massive anti- the Tayyar al-Mustaqbal (Future Movement) led by government rallies for Friday, April 1. former Lebanese Prime Minister Sa’ad Hariri. Syrian authorities tied the movement to the reported seizure UGANDA’S COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP WITH of seven boats from Lebanon to Latakia with cargoes LIBYA’S MU’AMMAR QADDAFI of weapons, money and narcotics. Hariri was also connected to Prince Bandar bin Sultan of Saudi Arabia, In a surprise announcement, Uganda has offered who was accused of “guiding the complex American and refuge to Libya’s embattled leader, Mu’ammar Qaddafi [Saudi] Arabian plan for creating unrest in Syria” (Fars (AP, March 30). The offer came at the same time as News Agency, March 29). A Lebanese MP denied the Ugandan government institutions began seizing Libyan allegations, noting the Future Movement did not even assets and investments in Uganda. Libya has extensive have weapons to defend itself (LBC, March 29). Syria’s investments in Uganda through its Libyan African Grand Mufti, Shaykh Ahmad Badreddin Hassoun, took Investment Portfolio. Among those assets seized are to national TV on March 25 to confirm that external Uganda Telecom (69% Libyan ownership) the Tropical “instigation” is seeking to undermine the anti-Israel Bank (99.7% Libyan ownership) and the four-star Lake “resistance” (Day Press [Damascus], March 26). Israel’s Victoria Hotel (99% Libyan ownership) (New Vision Foreign Ministry in turn attempted to implicate Iran and [Kampala], March 29; Daily Monitor [Kampala], March Lebanon’s Hezbollah in the attacks on demonstrators 1). Total Libyan investment in Uganda is estimated at by saying demonstrators heard some members of the $375 million. Libya is also a major source of funds for security services speaking Farsi (Hezbollah members the African Union and the Ugandan-dominated African speak Arabic rather than Farsi) (Israeli Defense Force Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). Radio, March 27; Jerusalem Post, March 28). Qaddafi’s most controversial involvement with Uganda Syrian officials also blamed the violence in Latakia on came in 1979, when he sent 2,500 Libyan troops Palestinians from the al-Raml refugee camp outside the together with armor, rockets, artillery and air cover to city. The allegations were denied by Ahmad Jibril, the support Ugandan dictator Idi Amin from an invasion by leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Ugandan dissidents supported by Tanzanian regulars. – General Command (PFLP-GC), which runs the camp Only a year after Major General Idi Amin seized power and is known for its loyalty to the Syrian regime. The in Uganda, Qaddafi had managed to persuade him to Syrian claims were strongly criticized in the Jordanian abandon his Israeli patrons in return for substantial press, which asked why Palestinian refugees would cash donations and investment. The deployment was a volunteer to shoot demonstrators who are their “kin and military disaster. Far from saving Amin, the arrival of neighbors” (al-Dustur, March 28; al-Ra’y, March 28). the Libyan troops was interpreted by Amin’s defenders A Syrian spokesperson noted that among those arrested (many of whom were Sudanese) as an opportunity to in Latakia were one Egyptian, one Algerian and five flee Kampala with looted goods as the Libyans provided 2 TerrorismMonitor Volume IX u Issue 13 u April 1, 2011 cover against the encroaching anti-Amin forces. Many departure from Uganda. While the Ugandan leader of the Libyans appear to have been told they were going continued to be critical of Qaddafi’s efforts to create a to southern Libya for military exercises. Confusion “United States of Africa,” Museveni now confided he reigned and the Libyan forces were shattered. Casualties was afraid Qaddafi would try to kill him by attacking were heavy as the survivors were taken prisoner by the his plane in international airspace (cable of June 18, invaders. There were many reports of captured prisoners 2008, carried by the Guardian, December 7, 2010). being executed while some luckier Libyan troops were eventually repatriated to Libya, where Idi Amin also Given Libya’s lengthy and complicated relationship sought refuge before moving on to permanent exile in with Uganda, President Museveni penned an open letter Saudi Arabia. on his views of the relationship published by