SDMS DOCID# 1106888 INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM BASEWIDE RECORD OF DECISION FORMER NORTON AIR FORCE BASE SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER 2005 FINAL Prepared by EARTH TECH, INC. 1461 E. COOLEY DRIVE, SUITE 100 COLTON, CA 92324 CONTRACT NO. FY1624-00-D-8023 DELIVERY ORDER NO. 004 Prepared for AIR FORCE REAL PROPERTY AGENCY NORTON OPERATING LOCATION MCCLELLAN, CALIFORNIA Jerry Bingham CONTRACTING OFFICER’S REPRESENTATIVE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION DIVISION BROOKS CITY-BASE, TX 78235-5363 INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM BASEWIDE RECORD OF DECISION FORMER NORTON AIR FORCE BASE SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER 2005 FINAL Prepared by EARTH TECH, INC. 1461 E. COOLEY DRIVE, SUITE 100 COLTON, CA 92324 CONTRACT NO. FY1624-00-D-8023 DELIVERY ORDER NO. 004 Prepared for AIR FORCE REAL PROPERTY AGENCY NORTON OPERATING LOCATION MCCLELLAN, CALIFORNIA Jerry Bingham CONTRACTING OFFICER’S REPRESENTATIVE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION DIVISION BROOKS CITY-BASE, TX 78235-5363 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 DECISION SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 SITE NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION...............................................................2-1 2.1.1 History of Norton Air Force Base ...........................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Physical Setting .......................................................................................................2-5 2.1.3 Sensitive Ecosystems...............................................................................................2-7 2.2 SITE HISTORY AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES ......................................................2-8 2.2.1 Summary of Previous Investigations .......................................................................2-8 2.2.2 Sites Closed by Previous Investigations..................................................................2-9 2.3 BASEWIDE FEASIBILITY STUDY....................................................................................2-9 2.3.1 Human Health Risk Assessment..............................................................................2-9 2.3.1.1 Identification of Chemicals of Concern...............................................2-38 2.3.1.2 Exposure Assessment ..........................................................................2-38 2.3.1.3 Toxicity Assessment............................................................................2-42 2.3.1.4 Risk Characterization...........................................................................2-56 2.3.1.5 Uncertainty Analysis ...........................................................................2-57 2.3.2 Ecological Risk Assessment ..................................................................................2-58 2.3.3 Basis for Remedial Action Objectives...................................................................2-59 2.3.4 Description of Alternatives....................................................................................2-59 2.3.4.1 No Further Action................................................................................2-60 2.3.4.2 Institutional Controls ...........................................................................2-60 2.3.4.3 Containment.........................................................................................2-66 2.3.4.4 Removal...............................................................................................2-66 2.3.5 Evaluation Criteria.................................................................................................2-66 2.3.5.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment.................2-67 2.3.5.2 Compliance with ARARs ....................................................................2-67 2.3.5.3 Long-Term Effectiveness and Permanence .........................................2-68 2.3.5.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through Treatment ........2-68 2.3.5.5 Short-Term Effectiveness ....................................................................2-68 2.3.5.6 Implementability..................................................................................2-68 2.3.5.7 Cost......................................................................................................2-68 2.3.5.8 State Agency Acceptance ....................................................................2-70 2.3.5.9 Community Acceptance.......................................................................2-70 2.4 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION......................................................................................2-70 2.5 SITE-SPECIFIC EVALUATIONS......................................................................................2-71 2.5.1 IRP Site 1 – Industrial Waste Lagoons..................................................................2-71 2.5.1.1 Site History ..........................................................................................2-71 2.5.1.2 Current and Potential Future Site Use .................................................2-73 2.5.1.3 Summary of Site Risk..........................................................................2-73 2.5.1.4 Remedial Action Objectives ................................................................2-73 2.5.1.5 Analysis of Alternatives.......................................................................2-73 2.5.1.6 Description of Selected Remedy..........................................................2-74 i Final Basewide ROD September 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page 2.5.1.7 Summary of Rationale for the Selected Remedy.................................2-74 2.5.1.8 Expected Outcome of the Selected Remedy........................................2-75 2.5.2 IRP Site 2 – Landfill No. 2 ....................................................................................2-75 2.5.2.1 Site History ..........................................................................................2-75 2.5.2.2 Current and Potential Future Site Use .................................................2-76 2.5.2.3 Summary of Site Risk..........................................................................2-76 2.5.2.4 Remedial Action Objectives ................................................................2-76 2.5.2.5 Analysis of Alternatives.......................................................................2-77 2.5.2.6 Description of the Selected Remedy....................................................2-78 2.5.2.7 Summary of Rationale for the Selected Remedy.................................2-79 2.5.2.8 Expected Outcome of the Selected Remedy........................................2-79 2.5.3 IRP Site 5 – Fire Protection Training Area No. 2..................................................2-80 2.5.3.1 Site History ..........................................................................................2-80 2.5.3.2 Current and Potential Future Site Use .................................................2-81 2.5.3.3 Summary of Site Risk..........................................................................2-81 2.5.3.4 Remedial Action Objectives ................................................................2-81 2.5.3.5 Analysis of Alternatives.......................................................................2-83 2.5.3.6 Description of the Selected Remedy....................................................2-84 2.5.3.7 Summary of Rationale for the Selected Remedy.................................2-84 2.5.3.8 Expected Outcome of the Selected Remedy........................................2-85 2.5.4 Small Arms Range.................................................................................................2-85 2.5.4.1 Site History ..........................................................................................2-85 2.5.4.2 Current and Potential Future Site Use .................................................2-86 2.5.4.3 Summary of Site Risk..........................................................................2-86 2.5.4.4 Remedial Action Objectives ................................................................2-86 2.5.4.5 Analysis of Alternatives.......................................................................2-86 2.5.4.6 Description of the Selected Remedy....................................................2-89 2.5.4.7 Summary of Rationale for the Selected Remedy.................................2-89 2.5.4.8 Expected Outcome of the Selected Remedy........................................2-90 2.5.5 IRP Site 7 – IWTP Sludge Drying Beds................................................................2-90 2.5.5.1 Site History ..........................................................................................2-90 2.5.5.2 Current and Potential Future Site Use .................................................2-92 2.5.5.3 Summary of Site Risk..........................................................................2-92 2.5.5.4 Remedial Action Objectives ................................................................2-93 2.5.5.5 Analysis of Alternatives.......................................................................2-93 2.5.5.6 Description of the Selected Remedy....................................................2-95 2.5.5.7 Summary