The hydrogen economy H2-Glossary 1) In the public opinion hydrogen as an energy carrier has a consistently Material characteristics GH2 (gas.) Methane Methanol Petrol positive image. The main aspects of the energetic utilisation of Density ratio based on air 0,09 0,55 1,4 3,2 - 4 hydrogen can be summarised as follows: Ignition temperature (°C) 585 595 455 220 - 280 Ignition limits (Vol.%) 4 - 75 5 - 16 6 - 36,5 0,6 - 8 ! The production of hydrogen from renewable energy is a Min. ignition energy (mJ) 0,02 0,30 0,14 0,24 contribution to the conservation of fossil energy sources. Once the Laminar combustion 2,7 0,43 0,48 0,4 utilisation of renewable energy has reached a level that requires velocity (m/sec) significant (seasonal) storage, the advantages of hydrogen as an 1) Source: TÜV Süd energy source (for example efficient storage, little environmental Coordination Center of the impacts at the point of use) will become fully noticeable. ! Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative For certain applications, even hydrogen produced from 2) conventional energy sources can offer energetic advantages. This Specific gravity g /l GH (gaseous) 0,0899 applies, for example, to fuel cell systems that may substitute 2 70,8 conventional systems (e.g. in cars or industrial combined heat and LH2 (liquid) power systems). Methanol 793 0,668 ! Methane Decentralised reforming of fossil or synthetic hydrocarbons could Petrol 700 - 740 contribute to the reduction of costs required for establishing a Diesel 820 - 855 large-scale hydrogen infrastructure and the gradually develope- 2) 5 at standard conditions (T=293,15 K, p=1,013*10 Pa) except LH2 ment according to demand. The Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative For it´s market introduction hydrogen will be mostly produced from 3.000 - Policies, Projects, Partners - fossil fuels for the time being. The long-term aim, however, has to be ³ the production of hydrogen from renewable energies. It is difficult to m / h predict which options will ultimately prevail. Any decision still requires a W k n lot of research and development work, particularly realistic tests in i 2.000 t n practice. e t n o c y g r e 1.000 n e c i f i c e p S 0 GH2 300 bar GH2 700 bar LH2 CNG 300 bar 35 g k / 30 h W k n 25 i t n e t n 20 o c y g 15 r e n e c 10 i f i c e p 5 S 0 H2 Methane Methanol Diesel MCFC (hotmodule) Figure: MTU CFC Solutions GmbH Copyright: wiba 2009 The Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative ! Initiation of hydrogen and fuel cell projects in Bavaria Contacts Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative (Wasserstoff-Initiative Bayern wiba) was ! Support of Bavarian companies during project conception The coordination center of the Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative is located established in 1996 by the Bavarian Ministry of State for Economy, at the Research Institute for Energy Economy (Forschungsstelle für The wiba projects Transport and Technology with the intention of promoting innovative Energiewirtschaft e.V.) and is managed by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich hydrogen energy technology in Bavaria. Since 1997, around 45 projects with a financial amount of Wagner. The wiba coordination center was established at the Research approximately 100 million euro received part-funding within the Institute for Energy Economy (Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft ) framework of the Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative. These projects cover a Research Institute for Energy Economy in Munich and has the following tasks: wide range of topics, e.g. hydrogen generation, hydrogen logistics and Am Blütenanger 71, 80995 Munich ! Public relations on the subject of hydrogen energy technology in storage, as well as the development and application of fuel cells, Phone: 089 / 15 81 21-0 the form of brochures, meetings, trade fairs, media work etc. including all required system components. Examples : Fax: 089 / 15 81 21-10 email: [email protected] ! ! Hydrogen project at Munich airport: 13 companies realise the Energy economic analyses on the subjects of hydrogen Internet: www.wiba.de production, logistics and application, as well as fuel cells electrolytic production, storage and refuelling of gaseous hydrogen, together with the first public robot-operated refuelling ! Further contacts: Formulation of a long-term strategy for the promotion of hydrogen station for liquid hydrogen worldwide. energy technology. Thereby the cooperation with other initiatives, Dipl.-Ing. M. Beer, Dipl.-Ing. Ph. Pfeifroth, Dipl.-Phys. R. Corradini within the national strategy group (HYBERT), at the European ! Stationary fuel cells (PAFC and MCFC) are in development and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform and International tested by manufacturers and utilities. Especially applications with wiba prospective studies: Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy gain more and more in high effiecient combined heat and power or tri-generation are a ! Technologies and systems for hydrogen provision importance. matter of particular interest. ! Fuel cells for domestic energy supply ! The virtual fuel cell power station ! System comparison of alternative drive technologies ! Energy economic assessment of decentralised CHP-systems mtu Bad Neustadt for energy supply in homes Hot Module field trial plant Projects of the Hof Hydrogen production plant Schweinfurt Bavarian Figure: Linde AG Aschaffenburg Bayreuth Bamberg Würzburg Hydrogen Erlangen MAN, Siemens, Linde Erlangen Nuremberg Initiative Fuel cell bus Kennametal Fürth wiba Munich Production of fuel cell components Regensburg Coordination Center of the Bavarian Hydrogen Initiative GfE, Quebec Consort. Nuremberg Ingolstadt Hydrid store for mobile applications Passau ARGEMUC Munich airport N-ERGIE Nuremberg Landshut Hydrogen project Munich airport PAFC cogeneration power plant Reinz, ZSW Neu-Ulm FutureCamp Munich-Giesing Augsburg Metallic bipolar plates H2 storage in carbon-materials SGL, ZSW, ZAE, mpe Meitingen Munich mtu, e.on, degussa Ottobrunn Hot Module for CO2 production H2 storage in C modifications Grimm Ainring TU Munich Development of H2 sensor technology H combustion, Hythane 2 Truma Putzbrunn MST Munich fuelcell-System VeGA Petrol reformer for SOFC vehicle drives Proton Motor Fuel Cell Starnberg ET Brunnthal SFC Brunnthal PEM fuel cell bus Hydrogen laboratory DMFC System Magnet Motor Starnberg ET, TUM, ZAE Brunnthal P 21 Brunnthal Development of a PEM fuel cell DMFC-Stack PEM fuel cell suitable for reformed fuel hydrogen-bus at Munich airport Figure: MAN AG.