東京大学総合研究博物館 標本資料報告 第 74 号 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Material Reports No. 74 東京大学総合研究博物館地史古生物部門所蔵 タイプおよび記載標本目録 第５部 伊藤泰弘 1，ロバート・ジェンキンズ 2，市川健雄 1，佐々木猛智 1，棚部一成 2 1 東京大学総合研究博物館 2 東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻 CATALOGUE OF TYPE AND CITED SPECIMENS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO PART 5 by Yasuhiro ITO1, Robert JENKINS2, Takeo ICHIKAWA1, Takenori SASAKI1 and Kazushige TANABE2 1The University Museum, The University of Tokyo 2Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo Preface The collection of the Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology, The University Museum, The University of Tokyo (UMUT) is known as one of best-maintained fossil collections in Japan for three reasons: (1) the longest history in Japanese paleontology since the foundation of the university in 1877, (2) the uniquely invented system of deposition of type and published material, and (3) the large number of specimens used in scientific publications. The collection was started long before the establishment of UMUT. The oldest published specimens are Japanese fossil elephants described by Naumann (1881), who was the first professor of paleontology of the university. Since then Prof. Matajiro Yokoyama, Prof. Yanosuke Otuka, Prof. Teiichi Kobayashi and many other paleontologists and students have contributed fossil specimens before the World War II. During the war, the collection was packed and sent to a temple in Oishida, Yamagata Prefecture, to avoid damage by air raids (Hanai in Ichikawa and Hayami, 1978). Three years after the end of the war (1948), the new system of registration was initiated by Prof. Teiichi Koyabashi and later continued by Prof. Fuyuji Takai (Hanai in Ichikawa and Hayami, 1978). The basic principle of the current curatorial system was established during this period. In 1966 the building of UMUT was completed and the whole collection was transferred from the Geological Institute, the Faculty of Science, to UMUT (Ichikawa and Hayami, 1978). In the 1970s to early 1990s the curation was led by Prof. Testuro Hanai and subsequently by Prof. Itaru Hayami. Mr. Takeo Ichikawa made the most significant contribution to the maintenance of the collection. He checked old specimens with original description and figures one by one. By 1988 he reconfirmed the status of more than 20,000 specimens described in more than 650 publications (Hayami and Ichikawa, 1988). In addition, he compiled a series of catalogues of Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils (Ichikawa and Hayami, 1978), Cenozoic fossils and Recent specimens (Ichikawa, 1983) and specimens published between 1983 and 1995 (Ichikawa, 1988, 1995). The number of registered specimens reached 29,500 in October, 2007. This number may i not be very high for general museum collection, but they are all either type or cited specimens used in scientific publications. Obviously the number of type specimens is the largest among Japanese paleontological collections. For example, there are ca. 4,200 records of types (primary and non-primary types) only in Cenozoic molluscs. The method of registration in UMUT is simple. Each specimen is given a unique serial number with the abbreviations of Era and phylum as prefix (see Appendices I and II). A whole set of specimens described in one publication are deposited together with a reprint in the same series of drawers of cabinet or plastic containers regardless of taxonomic position. For example, even if fossil molluscs and vertebrates are described in one paper, they are not separated in the collection. This method has a great advantage when subsequently referring to specimens. If various specimens are segregated in a large, taxonomically-arranged collection, it takes much longer time to examine all the specimens from a particular publication. In addition, the risk of misplacement increases in case of subsequent changes of taxonomy. The arrangement of specimens according to publication is the most stable method for published material. In the 1990s, the demand for internet-accessible databases has arisen in most major museums of the world. UMUT first set up the “digital museum project” in Japan, and started creating searchable databases for all kinds of specimens. As the first step in paleontology, the datebase of Cretaceous ammonites was produced under the direction of Prof. Kazushige Tanabe, and it was also published on CD-ROM (Tanabe et al., 2000). After ammonites, the rest of the molluscs were the next target. It took six years to enter all the data, encompassing (1) published scientific names, (2) the higher taxonomy, (3) registration numbers, (5) type of specimens (e.g., holotype, paratype, figured specimen), (6) presence or absence of specimens, (7) citations (page and figure number), (8) full references to the publications for ca. 19,000 records. Data entry of other phyla was conducted between 1996 and 1997 in the same format. After ten years of work from 1998 to 2007, we completed the database for specimens registered before 1995. Aside from creating the database, newly described specimens have also been continuously registered. This catalogue contains the complete list of all registered specimens and their references published from 1994 to 2002, and also the list of all previous publications using any specimen of UMUT. Theses data are also available from the database on the museum’s webpage. It is most important to maintain long-term curatorial work without any interruption. The ii collection of UMUT has been built as a consequence of steady efforts and many volunteers for 120 years. I deeply thank former staff, supervisors, colleagues, students and volunteer groups who have substantially supported my curatorial work, and also Dr. Daniel L. Geiger, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, for improving the English text. March, 2008 Takenori Sasaki References Ichikawa, T. and Hayami, I. 1978. Catalogue of type and illustrated specimens in the Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology of the University Museum, University of Tokyo. Part I. Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils. University Museum, University of Tokyo, Material Reports 2: 1-296. Ichikawa, T. 1983. Catalogue of type and illustrated specimens in the Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology of the University Museum, University of Tokyo. Part II. Cenozoic fossils and Recent specimens. University Museum, University of Tokyo, Material Reports 9: 1-536. Ichikawa, T. 1988. Catalogue of type and illustrated specimens in the Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology of the University Museum, University of Tokyo. Part III. Supplement (1). University Museum, University of Tokyo, Material Reports 15: 1-273. Ichikawa, T. 1995. Catalogue of type and illustrated specimens in the Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology of the University Museum, University of Tokyo. Part 4. Supplement (2). The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Material Reports 33: 1-83. Naumann, E., 1881: Über japanische Elephanten der Vorzeit. Palaeontographica 28: 1–40, pls. 1–7 Tanabe, K., Ito, Y., Moriya, K. and Sasaki, T. 2000. Database of Cretaceous ammonite specimens registered in the Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology of the University Museum, University of Tokyo. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Material Reports 37: 1-509. iii Appendix I. Abbreviations of geological ages attached to registration number. P = Paleozoic, M = Mesozoic, C = Cenozoic, R = Recent. Appendix II. Abbreviations of higher taxonomy attached to registration number. A = Arthropoda, B = Brachiopoda and Bryozoa, C = Cnidaria (= Coelenterata), E = Echinodermata, F = Protozoa, H = Hemicordata, M = Mollusca, P = Plantae, S = Porifera, V = Vertebrata, W = “Worms” and Problematica. iv Contents List of type and cited specimens by publications ······················································ 1 Amano, K. (1997) ·································································································· 3 Amano, K. and Vermeij, G. J. (1998) ······································································ 3 Ando, H. and Aoki, N. (1999) ················································································ 3 Ando, H., Tomosugi, T. and Kanakubo, T. (2001) ·················································· 4 Fukada, A. (2000) ·································································································· 5 Fukada, A. (2002) ·································································································· 5 Hayasaka, S., Saisho, T., Kakinuma, Y., Shinomiya, A., Oki, K., Hamada, T., Tanabe, K., Kanie, Y., Hattori, M., Vusse, F. V., Alcala, L., Cordero, P. A. Jr., Cabrera, J. J. and Garcia, R. G. (1982) ···································································· 6 Hewitt, R. A. (1996) ······························································································· 7 Hewitt, R. A. (2000) ······························································································· 7 Hirano, H. (1978) ··································································································· 8 Kanie, Y. and Tanabe, K. (1979) ············································································· 8 Kase, T. and Shigeta, Y. (1996) ·············································································· 8 Kulicki, C., Tanabe, K., Landman, N. H. and Mapes, R. H. (2001) ························ 8 Landman, N. H.,