TECHNoLoGYOBSERVER The science and technology magazine created and Issue 2009-2010 Volume 01 published by students of Albert Dorman Honors College of New Jersey Institute of Technology. OBSERVING THE PRESENT, WITH AN EYE oN THE FUTURE. OBSERVING THE PRESENT, WITH AN EYE oN THE FUTURE. o OBSERVING THE PRESENT, WITH AN EYE oN THE FUTURE. OBSERVING THE PRESENT, WITH AN EYE oN THE FUTURE. TECHNoLoGY OBSERVER Editor-in-Chief Fatima Elgammal, ‘10 Managing Editor Matthew P. Deek, ‘11 Design Managers Fatima Elgammal, ‘10 Horane O. Henry, ‘10 Photo Editor Andrew “Twig” Harrison, ‘12 Copy Editor Andrew J. Helbers, ‘12 Writers Wasseem Abugosh, ‘10 Peter Besada, ‘12 FF :: Matthew P. Deek, ‘11 Fatima Elgammal, ‘10 Bishoy R. Hanna, ‘12 Bushra Hossain, ‘11 Sheba S. Khan, ‘10 Mohammad Nawaz, ‘11 David M. Thompson, ‘12 Layout Staff Hussam S. Eltoukhy, ‘11 Sta Muhammad Hoque, ‘10 Ashley M. Martins, ‘13 Mohammad Nawaz, ‘11 Shadia Saleh, ‘12 Photo Editing :: Basim S. El-Toukhy, ‘12 Christopher Fowler, ‘13 Adam Gomori, ‘13 Nathan J. Harmes, ‘12 Contact Us Technology Observer Albert Dorman Honors College Advisor New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Dr. Paul J. Dine Newark, NJ 07102 Assistant Dean of Student Programs The Technology Observer is a publication of Albert Dorman Honors College at NJIT, New Jersey’s Science & Technology University. Albert Dorman Honors College Visit Us at honors.njit.edu/news/technologyobserver 03 Message from the Editor 04 About NJIT and Albert Dorman Honors College 05 Message from the Dean 06 Climbing to the Stars Written by :: Mohammad Nawaz Exploration of space has continued to be a lucrative trove of knowledge and, in the near future, we will not need rockets to get to space 08 Nanotechnology in Medicine: The Next Big Thing is Small Written by :: Matthew P. Deek How medicine is using nanoscale tools to improve surgical procedures and drug S :: delivery, and the ethical implications of these emerging technologies 12 Improving the Next Generation of Soldiers Written by :: Wasseem Abugosh t With advances in nanotechnology, today’s soldiers are better equipped to face enemy bullets, chemical and biologial warfare, and survive severe combat conditions 14 The Edge in Sports Gear Written by :: David M. Thompson How innovative nanoscale technologies have allowed researchers to improve durability, efficiency, and safety of athletic equipment EN 16 Across Time: How Yesterday’s Science Influenced Today’s Technology Technology Observer 10th Anniversary Special Feature Designed by :: Mohammad Nawaz and Fatima Elgammal Introduced by :: Matthew P. Deek and Mohammad Nawaz Researched by :: Peter Besada, Matthew P. Deek, Andrew J. Helbers, Ashley M. Martins, t Mohammad Nawaz, and Shadia Saleh 22 Nano-foods: Giving Each of Us the Golden Ticket Written by :: Bushra Hossain N Nanotechnology enters nutraceuticals, agriculture, and microscopic encapsulation to improve the flavor, nutrition, and health of the population 26 In Vivo Disease Diagnosis by Nanorobots Written by :: Fatima Elgammal How nanorobots can detect, diagnose and treat diseases in vivo 30 New Jersey Institute of Technology in Action Written by :: Peter Besada, Matthew P. Deek, Bishoy R. Hanna, and Sheba S. Khan Introduced by :: Matthew P. Deek Co Studying the Principles of Marketing on a Global Scale Dr. Rajiv Mehta, School of Management Applying Mathematics to the Study of Life Dr. Horacio Rotstein, Department of Mathematical Sciences Looking Towards the Sun to Study Our Earth :: Dr. Haimin Wang, Space Weather Research Laboratory Modeling the Movement of Animals at the Speed of Life Dr. Gareth Russell, Federated Department of Biological Sciences Engineering a Way to Walk Again Dr. Mesut Sahin, Department of Biomedical Engineering 32 Reference Documentation application progress expertise insight nanotechnology “Without change there is no innovation, medicine drive creativity, edge “To raise incentive for improvement.” new questions, -William Pollard, Physicist and Priest new possibilities, agriculture to regard old problems from a research requiresnew creative angle, imagination and marks motivation real advance in science.” -Albert Einstein, Physicist observation vision quest space exploration exploration“The great thing in the creativity discovery world is not so much where we stand, as in what direction nanotechnology we are moving.” judgment -Oliver Wendell Holmes, Physician and Poet reason “When eating a fruit, think of the person who drive planted the tree.“ -Vietnamese Proverb Dr. Janet Bodner from Humanities, for helping the students bring curiosity out the best in their writing; Dr. Rajiv Mehta from the School of military Management, Dr. Mesut Sahin from Biomedical Engineering, Dr. deftness Horacio Rotstein from Mathematical Sciences, Dr. Gareth Russell “The most exciting from Biological Sciences, and Dr. Haimin Wang from Physics for their time and insight into their illustrious work. breakthroughs Extended thanks to Dr. Paul Dine, for his guidance on this project; of the 21st century will not occur Dr. Joel Bloom and the administrators and staff of the Honors because of technology but because skill College for their support; Romer Jed Medina for lending his time of an expanding concept of and photographing skills; Babette Hoyle, Jean Llewellyn, Johanna foresight Moroch, and Carol Pilla from University Communications, for what it means to be ensuring that we best represent the school; and Dr. Fadi P. Deek .” and Sylvana Brito-Rodriguez from the College of Science and human Liberal Arts for their valued input and suggestions. -John Naisbitt, Author capacity Of course, the greatest thanks are for the students who worked wisdom long hours and with much effort, without imagination whom this magazine would not exist. advancement knowledge discovery insight Message from the Editor “We are building the bridge to the future while standing on it.” medicine - U.S. Army Colonel from Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century by P. W. Singer for improvement.” -William Pollard, Physicist and Priest he mission of the Technology Observer has been to report on current developments in science and technology as students see it; students, whose curious minds are researchfertile for planting questions. Nourished by the motivation to learn, they search for the most relevant and inspiring projects to report on. This tenth-year anniversary issue is no exception. motivation TThe articles of this volume all deal with a specific aspect of nanotechnology’s expanding sphere of application. Innovations in areas such as drug delivery, disease control, and food nourishment have guided nanotechnology into sustaining and even augmenting our health. At the same time, nanotechnology has enhanced the sophistication of the military’s tools and defense. With so much to offer, it is no wonder that this time may be the Age of Nanotechnology, as termed by Michael Laine, co-founder and President of LiftPort Group, the company responsible for envisioning and engineering an elevator to space. To appreciate how far technology has trekked, we thought it appropriate to take a step back and space explorationobserve how far along we have come: to, somehow, recognize the scientists who had the courage to ask “why” and “what if,” the explorers who braved uncharted territory, and the inventors who strove to engineer methods and contraptions to enhance the quality of life. Hence, our tenth year anniversary special feature is a timeline delineating major milestones, inventions, or discoveries that have influenced each of the following four areas: agriculture, astronomy, medicine, and military. There was no lack of devoted students on this issue, and those who endured the strenuous and nanotechnologydemanding hours deserve the utmost commendation. The magazine was forged in 1999 by the dedication of self-driven students, and it thrives in their persistence to share what they learn in their reason experience of working on the magazine. Jeff Admon, the first editor-in-chief of the Technology Observer, and one of its main proponents, ended the first editor’s message stating, “We aspire to be the best, most innovative magazine in our Dr. Janet Bodner from Humanities, for helping the students bring field – and with time and assistance of our fellow students we will surely grow and improve to make out the best in their writing; Dr. Rajiv Mehta from the School of this a reality.” We aim to one day attain that aspiration as we continue to observe the present, with an Management, Dr. Mesut Sahin from Biomedical Engineering, Dr. eye on the future. Horacio Rotstein from Mathematical Sciences, Dr. Gareth Russell from Biological Sciences, and Dr. Haimin Wang from Physics for their time and insight into their illustrious work. Extended thanks to Dr. Paul Dine, for his guidance on this project; Dr. Joel Bloom and the administrators and staff of the Honors College for their support; Romer Jed Medina for lending his time and photographing skills; Babette Hoyle, Jean Llewellyn, Johanna Moroch, and Carol Pilla from University Communications, for ensuring that we best represent the school; and Dr. Fadi P. Deek and Sylvana Brito-Rodriguez from the College of Science and Liberal Arts for their valued input and suggestions. Of course, the greatest thanks are for the students who worked Fatima Elgammal long hours and with much effort, without Editor-in-Chief whom this magazine would not exist. discovery TECHNoLoGYOBSERVER 03 PH o T o GRA p HER: B ABA j I d E Ak ERE dol Kupfrian, Faculty