Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ended 30 June 0 P:H CI~ I~cs VOL-1 OF TWO ANNUAL REPORT, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1965 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U.S. ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES 1965 IN TWO VOLUMES Vol. 1 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D).C., 20402 - Price 45 cents CONTENTS Volume 1 Letter of Transmittal ____ _ ___ v Highlights _ ix Feature Articles-Alaskan Earthquake__ _ _- xiii Floods of December 1964 on Northern California Streams and Corps of Engineers Plan of Development ----------- xix The Hydrologic Engineering Center-_ .----.------- _ xxv The Interrelationship between Civil Works and Military Missions --------_ ---------------------------------- xxvii Planning and Construction for Hurricane-Flood Protection and Beach Erosion Control at Wrightsville Beach and Carolina Beach, N.C ___------- - xxxi CHAPTER I. A PROGRAM FOR WATER RESOURCE DEVELOP- MENT 1--------------------------------------------- 1. Scope and status_ 1 2 Organization_ 2 II. BENEFITS _ _ 3 1. Navigation_ 3 2. Flood control - 4 3. Hydroelectric power_ 5 4. Water supply_ _ 5 5 Public recreation use 6 6. Fish and wildlife ---------------------- _ 8 7. Contributions to American Beauty Program 8 III. PLANNING _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 1. Policy and procedures - --- - 11 2. International boundary waters 12 3. Project development_---------------- 14 4. Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors_ 15 5. Coastal Engineering Research Center_ 15 6. Advance engineering and design- _ _ _ 16 7. Collection and study of basic data___ 16 8. Research and developmentL_ ---- 18 IV. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS ...............- 23 1. Navigation-_ - _ _ _ ---- 23 2. Beach erosion control - _-___ _-_ 26 3. Flood control (general)_ -------- 30 4. Multiple-purpose projects including power_ 30 5. Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries ......... 43 6. Operations (general) _ 49 V. FUNDING _ _ _ _ 51 1. Funds available ... -- - 51 2. Appropriations 54 3. Expenditures (costs)-_ 54 VI. OTHER ACTIVITIES --------- 59 1. Flood fighting and other emergency operations 59 2. Protection of navigable waters 62 3. Hydraulic mining, California _ _ 64 4. Nuclear explosive studies for civil construction ------- 64 5. Lake Survey --------------------------------- -- 65 6. Washington, D.C., water supply 66 7. Foreign technical assistance _ 67 8. Publications_ _ 67 III IV 9. Directory of installations and activities 68 VII. ECONOMY MEASURES__---__ _ 73 VIII. WATERBORNE COMMERCE __ _ _ _ _ 77 APPENDIX A. GENERAL-Reservoirs of the Corps of Engineers 81 B. NAVIGATION -_ _--_ ---- _ - 83 1. Total U.S. Waterborne Commerce__ 83 2. Project harbors, commerce reported_ 84 3. Commerce at selected areas-----_ -- 90 4. Ton-mileage of freight carried on U.S. inland waterways by system _ _ _- - _ _ 92 5. Project waterways, commerce reported 92 C. FLOOD CONTROL _- -- 105 1. Reservoirs of the Corps of Engineers providing flood control- _------_____________ 105 2. Multiple-purpose projects with power_ 106 3. Flood damages prevented by Corps of Engineers projects_ 111 4. Flood damages prevented during fiscal year 1965 - --...111 5. Local protection projects 113 D. HYDROPOWER _ _- _ _ _ 115 E. WATER SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION 117 1. Water supply storage as of June 30, 1965_ 117 2. Irrigation storage as of June 30, 1965_ 120 Volume 2 Reports on individual project operations and related Civil Works activities published as a separate volume. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price 45 cents. Statistics on Waterborne Commerce of the United States are printed separately. (See ch. VI, sec. 8.) SUBJECT: Annual Report on U.S. Army Civil Works Activities for Fiscal Year 1965 TO: THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY 1. Transmitted herewith is my annual report on the Civil Works activities of the Department of the Army, as carried out by the Corps of Engineers during the fiscal year 1965. Volume 1 of this report reviews the overall program status, accomplish- ments, and planning to meet existing and future needs, and pre- sents summary data on water resource development by the Corps. Volume 2 contains detailed information on individual Civil Works projects and activities. Detailed data on waterborne commerce of the United States are published separately. 2. Civil Works activities of the Corps of Engineers involve a nationwide water resource development program which includes the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of works for navigation, beach erosion control, flood control, hurri- cane protection, hydropower, water supply, water quality control, recreation, fish and wildlife preservation, and related purposes, as authorized by law. 3. The active Civil Works program consists of over 3,600 proj- ject authorizations with a total estimated Federal cost of over $23 billion. Appropriations for new work under this program have totaled almost $14 billion, leaving over 600 projects and about $10 billion still required to complete the active authorized im- proveinents.. Total appropriations for Civil Works activities dur- ing fiscal year 1965 were $11/4 billion, of which $1 billion (80 percent) was for new work. 4. This program continues to provide large and widespread benefits to the Nation. Items of major importance are: a. Navigation. Total waterborne traffic of the United States established a new record during calendar year 1964, for the second consecutive year. The total of 11/4 billion tons was distributed among coastal harbors and channels, Great Lakes harbors and channels, and inland and intracoastal waterways in proportions of 46, 17, and 37 percent, respectively. A total of 250 billion ton- miles of freight carried on the Great Lakes and on the inland and intracoastal waterways also established a new record during calen- dar year 1964. This total was composed of 106 billion ton-miles on the Great Lakes, the largest movement since 1957, and 144 billion ton-miles on the inland and intracoastal waterways system, a new alltime high. b. Flood control. During fiscal year 1965 the Nation suffered a series of extremely damaging floods, notably those in the Pacific coastal region during December and January, in the Upper Missis- VI sippi River basin during April, and in the South Platte River basin and along the Platte River during June. These and numer- ous other floods during the year illustrate that the provision of an adequate degree of flood protection remains one of the most pressing aspects of the Nation's water resource development pro- gram. On the other hand, flood damages prevented by Civil Works projects in operation reached a new high of $1,532 million during fiscal year 1965, which clearly demonstrates the value of such projects in reducing the drain on the Nation's economy resulting from floods. Many individual projects performed in an outstand- ing manner. For example, the Cherry Creek Reservoir project in Colorado, which cost about $15 million to construct, is credited with preventing $130 million of damages in the Denver metro- politan area during the June floods in the South Platte River basin. Flood damages prevented through fiscal year 1965 by all Civil Works projects in operation are estimated to exceed $14 billion. There is growing recognition that protective works for flood con- trol must be complemented with zoning controls and other regu- latory measures to assure proper management of flood plain use. States and local communities, in increasing numbers, are request- ing the Corps of Engineers, under its flood plain information studies program, to advise them in this regard. c. Hydropower. Installed capacity passed the 9 million kilo- watt mark, and energy generated in fiscal 1965 amounted to some 38 billion kilowatt-hours. These figures represented about one- fifth of the Nation's total hydropower capacity and generation, and 4 percent of its total electric power capacity and generation. The cumulative total energy generated at Corps projects through fiscal year 1965 amounted to about 356 billion kilowatt-hours. d. Water supply. The Corps provides over 4 million acre- feet of storage for water supply in 38 reservoirs, which supple- ments the water supply for more than 2 million people in 88 cities, towns, and rural areas. A dependable supply estimated at more than 3 billion gallons per day is available from storage now in operation. About 51/ million acre-feet of storage space is being utilized, either exclusively for irrigation, or jointly for that and other purposes. Large quantities of water made available by power releases and evacuation of flood control storage also in- crease the quantity and improve the quality of downstream flows. e. Public recreation use. Both reservoirs and navigation projects furnish excellent opportunities for public outdoor recrea- tion use. Attendance was 156 million during calendar year 1964, an increase of 6 percent over the preceding year. VII 5. During fiscal year 1965 the Corps of Engineers continued, at an accelerated pace, its Civil Works program for conserving, developing, and putting to better use the Nation's water resources in support of economic growth and human welfare. While we are still faced with many difficult technical, fiscal, administrative, and other problems, I consider that this year marks a period of solid achievement. Further, I feel that the widespread public attention being given to the urgent need for comprehensive planning and development of our water and related resources, together with the increasingly cooperative efforts at all levels of Government, and of other interested individuals and local organizations, is pro- viding a sound basis for further substantial progress in future years. WILLIAM F. CASSIDY Lieutenant General, USA Chief of Engineers Highlights-Corps of Engineers Water Resources Development Fiscal years, except as noted otherwise Cumu- lative thru 1965 1964 19i63 1962 J1961 1960 1 1959 1958 j1957 1956 1 1955 1954 191953 1952 1950 1965 I.