SIRDC VAC ZIMBABWE Vulnerability Assessment Committee Zimbabwe Rural Livelihood Baseline Profiles 2011 Financed by: Implementation partners: The ZimVAC acknowledges the personnel, time and material The Zimbabwe Rural Livelihood Baselines was made possible by contributions contributions of all implementing partners that made this work from the following ZimVAC members who supported the process in data possible collection, analysis and report writing: Office of the President and Cabinet Food and Nutrition Council Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation and Irrigation Development Ministry of Labour and Social Services Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Ministry of Education, Sports, Arts and Culture Save the Children Concern Worldwide Oxfam Action Contre la Faim For enquiries, please contact the ZimVAC Chair: Food and Agriculture Organisation Food and Nutrition Council SIRDC Complex World Food Programme 1574 Alpes Road, Hatcliffe, Harare, Zimbabwe United States Agency for International Development Tel: +263 (0)4 883405, +263 (0)4 860320-9, FEWS NET Email: [email protected] Web: www.fnc.org.zw The Baseline work was coordinated by the Food and Nutrition Council (FNC) with Save the Children providing technical leadership on behalf of ZimVAC. PageZimbabwe | 1 Vulnerability Assessment Committee August 2011 Zimbabwe Rural Livelihood Baseline Profiles 2011 Acknowledgements The Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee (ZimVAC) would like to extend its gratitude to the UK Department for International Development (UKaid) and the European Commission (EC) who provided funding for implementation of the Rural Livelihood Baseline Project through Save the Children. The ZimVAC also extends its appreciation to all government Ministries and organisations who dedicated their staff to this project; Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation and Irrigation development; Ministry of Health and Child Welfare; Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development; Ministry of Labour and Social Services; Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT); Food and Nutrition Council; Save the Children; Concern Worldwide; Action Contre La Faim and Oxfam GB. The ZimVAC acknowledges the leadership of the SADC RVAA PMU and FEG Consulting who provided training and technical backstopping to the field teams. Gratitude is extended to Daison Ngirazi and Jerome Bernard from Save the Children who provided management and technical leadership. Technical support and report writing for the project was provided by Waddington Chinogwenya of FEG Consulting. Gratitude is extended to the ZimVAC chair Mr. George Kembo for the professional guidance and strategic leadership. Page | 1 Zimbabwe Rural Livelihood Baseline Profiles 2011 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................................ 3 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms ............................................................................................................... 9 Livelihood Zones Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 THE NATIONAL LIVELIHOOD ZONE MAP .................................................................................................................... 21 INDIVIDUAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD BASELINE PROFILES ................................................................................................... 27 Kariba Valley Kariangwe Jambezi Communal ............................................................................................... 28 Livestock and Cereal Farming in Forests Communal .................................................................................... 35 Agro-Fisheries Livelihood Zone ..................................................................................................................... 43 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal ............................................................................................................ 50 Cereal and High Cotton Producing Communal ............................................................................................. 56 Cereal and Low Cotton Producing Communal .............................................................................................. 63 Lusulu Lupane South Gokwe Mixed Agriculture ........................................................................................... 70 Mutorashanga Informal Mining .................................................................................................................... 76 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal ........................................................................................................ 82 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal .......................................................................................................... 90 Matabeleland Middle- Highveld Communal ................................................................................................. 98 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming ........................................................................................................... 106 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming ........................................................................................................... 113 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal........................................................................................................... 120 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming ..................................................................................................... 128 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming ........................................................................................... 133 Highland Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement Farming ................................................................... 138 Highveld Prime Communal ......................................................................................................................... 145 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder Communal ....................................................................... 153 Mwenezi Chivi and South Midlands Communal ......................................................................................... 160 Bikita Zaka Highland Communal ................................................................................................................. 166 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal ............................................................................................... 173 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal .......................................................................................... 180 Central and Northern Semi-Intensive Farming ........................................................................................... 187 Greater Mudzi Communal Livelihood Zone ................................................................................................ 195 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................... 203 Appendix I: Population by District and Livelihood zone ......................................................................... 203 Appendix II: List of Wards visited during the assessment ...................................................................... 209 2 | P a g e Zimbabwe Rural Livelihood Baseline Profiles 2011 List of Figures Figure 1: HEA Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................. 14 Figure 2: Outcome Analysis illustration ............................................................................................... 17 Figure 3: Livelihood zones Visited and Sampled sites ......................................................................... 18 Figure 4: Zimbabwe Livelihood Zone Map ........................................................................................... 21 Figure 5: KVKJ Livelihood zone Map .................................................................................................... 29 Figure 6: KVKJ Seasonal Calendar ........................................................................................................ 30 Figure 7: KVKJ Wealth group characteristics ....................................................................................... 31 Figure 8: KVKJ HH sizes ........................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 9: KVKJ Food sources ................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 10: KVKJ Food groups ................................................................................................................ 32 Figure 11: KVKJ Cash Income sources .................................................................................................. 32 Figure 12: KVKJ Expenditure patterns ................................................................................................