Index Aboutaleb, Ahmed, 241 Chirac, Jacques, 200 Additional protocols (to the dual nationality Churchill, Winston, 51 treaties), 287, 296, 299, 301–2, 315–7, 323 Citizenship (diff erence with nationality), 19 Africa, 52, 99, 100, 103, 186, 198, 275, 303–5 citoyenneté, 19 Albayrak, Nebahat, 241 cittadinanza, 20 Allegiance, see loyalty ciudadanía, 19 Ancien Régime, 14–15, 174, 183 Code Napoléon, 16 Andorra, 293, 311, 314–5, 319 Colombia, 52, 110, 284, 293, 296 Angola, 305 Commission de la nationalité, 170 Antarctica, 275 Connecting factor (defi nition), 115 Apuzzo, Nicola, 261 Conscription, 17, 81–82, 328 Arab States, 179 Convention on the Reduction of Multiple Arendt, Hannah, 35 Nationality (1963), 90–93 Argentina, 96, 167, 253–6, 263, 272, 282, 284, Convention on the Rights of the Child 286–8, 297–8, 300–2, 305–10, 323, 332 (1989), 36, 244 Aruba, 216, 235–6, 243–4. See also Dutch ‘Conventional route’ (vía convencional), 281, Antilles 295–7, 310, 317, 323 Asia, 52, 99–100, 275 Cosmopolitan citizenship, 24 Aubain, 14 Costa Rica, 284, 293, 296 Australia, 57, 77, 275 Council of Europe, 89–95 Austria, 23, 55, 92, 105–6, 109, 177, 273 Croatia, 274 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 273 Cuba, 286, 293, 318, 322, 333 Customary international law, 35–45, 102 Balkenende, Jan-Peter, 236–7, 241 Bancroft Treaties, 42 Dalmatia, 253, 266 Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands, 242, 330 Decolonization, 113, 172, 177, 182–5, 203, Belgium, 89, 110, 128–138, 149, 159–160 212–9, 304, 328 Berlusconi, Silvio, 277–8 De-ethnicization, 49. See also Bolivia, 284, 293, 296 re-ethnicization Brazil, 51, 167, 253–5, 258, 272, 286, 288, 293, Delbrück law (Germany), 172, 176–181, 203, 303–5 328 Brussels IIbis Regulation, 2, 153–6, 159 Demographic imperative (France), 169, Bulgaria, 333 175–6, 327 Denizen, 64, 112, 161 Cambodia, 185 Denmark, 139–143, 207 Cameroun, 185 Diplomatic protection, 8, 33–34, 41, 78–81, Canada, 231 113, 213–4, 290, 308 Cape Verde, 305 Dominican Republic, 284, 293, 296 Castro, Fidel, 318, 320, 333 ‘Dormant’ nationality (defi nition), 281 Centro Directivo, see General Directorate of Dual citizenship, see dual nationality Registries and Notaries (Spain) Dual nationality (as a legal anomaly), 47, 59, Chile, 284, 290, 293–4 112, 283, 303 364 Index Dual nationality treaty Galicia (Spain), 318 between Italy and Argentina, 298–302 Garay, Juan Carlos, 287–8 between Spain and Latin American Gender equality in nationality law, 7, 48, 90, countries, 281–324 118, 156, 172, 184, 220–3, 245, 252, 264, Dutch Antilles, 216–8, 235–6, 243–4 283 Dutch East Indies, 207, 212–6. General Directorate of Registries and See also Indonesia Notaries (Spain), 312 Genuine link criterion, 32, 40–41, 96, 240–1, Eastern Europe, 4, 21, 56, 255, 333 307 Ecuador, 52, 284, 293 Germanic Confederation, 23 El Salvador, 293 Gibraltar, 101 Espionage, 74 Great Britain, see United Kingdom of Great Ethnic concept of nationality, 20 Britain Ethnicization, see re-ethnicization and ‘Great Migration’ (Italy), 252–3, 256, 261 de-ethnicization ‘Great Naturalization’ (Brazil), 37, 258 EU citizenship Greek antiquity (ancient ideas related to as fundamental status, 67, 74, 110, 128, citizenship), 11 151 Guatemala, 40, 284, 290, 293, 295–8 in relation to Maastricht Treaty, 67, 113, Guinea-Bissau, 305 308 European Convention for the Protection of Hague Convention (1930), 28–29, 38, 40–45, Human Rights and Fundamental 78, 83, 91, 113, 147, 195, 211 Freedoms (1950), 36, 101 ‘Harmonization debate’, see harmonization of European Convention on Nationality (1997), nationality laws 90–95 Harmonization of nationality laws, 69, 72, Extra-EU context, 3, 6, 146, 166, 325–6 105, 163, 334, 337 Equality of the sexes, see gender equality in ‘Hibernating’ nationality, see ‘dormant’ nationality law nationality Equatorial Guinea, 293, 311, 314–5 High Committee of the Population, 182. European Commission, 99, 335–6 See also Mauco, Georges Évian agreements, 194 Hirsch Ballin, Ernst, 233, 245 Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, 205 Familialism (familismo), 257, 261 Hispanidad, 167, 286, 331 Family law, 27, 29, 84, 115–8, 133, 146, 149, Historical Memory Act (Spain), 321–2 158–61, 260, 265 Honduras, 284, 293, 296 Fascism, 176, 263, 268 Host State, see Receiving State First World War, 169, 172, 175–6, 183, 193 Fiume, 266, 273 Immigration and Naturalisation Service Foreignness (extranéité), 61 in the Netherlands, 226 Fortuyn, Pim, 237 See also LPF in the United States, 58 Franco, Francisco (general), 167, 285, 289, Indonesia, 207, 212–8, 225, 328. 322 See also Dutch East Indies Franco-Prussian war, 175 International Court of Justice (ICJ), 31–32 ‘Free colonies’ (colonie libere), 257–261 International Covenant on Civil and Political Freedom Party (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV), Rights (1966), 36 77, 242. See also Wilders, Geert Intra-EU context, 2, 6, 166. See also extra-EU French Revolution, 11–19, 172, 212 context Functional approach, 120–4, 145–6, 157–8 Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 80.