Vanilla wow hunter leveling guide Continue Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) President Filipe Nyusi First Secretary of the Rock Silva Samuel Foundation June 25, 1962 (age 58) Seat Rua da Fronta Libertanyao de Mozambique No 10, Sommerschield District, Maputo, Mozambique Ideology now: Social Democracy, Democratic Socialism. Previously: communism, Marxism- Leninism. UDENAMO's predecessor, MANU, UNAMI International Accession International Socialist Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique 00000000000144144 / 250 Political Spectrum Center of the left youth wing Young Organization Of Mozambique Colors Red official page Mozambique Liberation Front, also known by the acronym FRELIMO, is a political party officially founded on June 25, 1962 (as a nationalist movement), with the aim of fighting for the independence of Mozambique from the colonial domination of the Portuguese. The first president of the party was Dr. Eduardo Chiambabo Mondlane, an anthropologist who worked at the UN. Since Mozambique's independence on 25 June 1975, FRELIMO has been the country's main political force and has since been the party of the situation. A historic movement that fought for Mozambique's independence and negotiated its independence from Portugal under the Lusaka Accords (7 September 1974), FRELIMO was a political force that took power constitutionally. In 1977, during the third congress, the movement decided to become a Marxist-Leninist political party (FRELIMO party) and continued to govern the country as a single party until 1994. In 1990, however, the People's Assembly approved a new constitution that changed the political system by adopting the formation of other parties. With the end of the destabilizing war in Mozambique in 1992, the first multi-party elections were held in 1994 and the FRELIMO party was declared the winner. He again won the next election in 1999, 2004 and 2009, continuing to secure the presidency and government. The Foundation after World War II, while many European countries granted independence to their colonies, Portugal, under the estado Novo regime, claimed that Mozambique and other Portuguese possessions were the overseas territories of the metropolis (homeland). In this context, the ideas of Mozambique's independence developed rapidly, and in 1962 several anti-colonial political groups formed the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). In September 1964, an armed campaign against the Portuguese colonial regime began. By the time such movements appeared, Portugal had ruled Mozambique for more than 400 years. FRELIMO was founded in Dar es Salaam, On 25 June 1962, when three regionally based nationalist organizations - the National Democratic Union of Mozambique (UDENAMO), the African National Union of Mozambique (MANU, in Canu-like Kenya) and the African National Union of Independent Mozambique (UNAMI) - joined a broad guerrilla movement under the auspices of Tanzania's President Julius Nyere. Under the chairmanship of anthropologist Eduardo Chiambabo Mondlaine, the newly established FRELIMO established its headquarters in 1963 in Dar es Salaam. The Rev. Uriah Simanovo was his first vice president. Until then, the movement could not be based in Mozambique because the nationalist and opposition movements were under the control of the Lusitanic police. Tanzania and its President, Julius Nyerere, sympathized with Mozambican nationalist groups. Convinced of recent events, such as the Mueda massacre, that peaceful unrest would not bring independence, FRELIMO had considered the possibility of armed struggle from the outset. He launched his first offensive in September 1964. During the war that followed independence, FRELIMO received support from China, the Soviet Union, Scandinavian countries and some non-governmental organizations in the West. Their initial military operations were in the north of the country, where by the late 1960s liberated zones had been established, with civilian authorities replacing the Portuguese Government. In the management of these areas, FRELIMO worked to improve the lives of peasants in order to gain their support. The guerrilla movement freed them from submission to the landowners (leaders) appointed by the Portuguese, and established forms of mutual cooperation in agriculture. The guerrilla movement allowed farmers to gain greater access to education and health care. FRELIMO soldiers are often assigned to work on health projects. The practical experience of its members in the liberated zones has led to the convergence of the FRELIMO leadership towards Marxist political ideology. FRELIMO began to view the economic exploitation of the western capital as an enemy of the Mozambican people, as a fundamental element of colonial exploitation, and the Portuguese government was considered the main objector of the guerrilla movement. Although it was an African nationalist party, it adopted a non-racial stance, with numerous white members of Asian descent and mulattos. The early years of FRELIMO, during which Marxist ideology developed, were at times internal turbulence. Mondlane, along with Marcelino dos Santos, Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano and the majority of the Central Committee of the guerrilla movement, decided to promote the fight not only for the but to create a socialist society. The second party congress, held in July 1968, approved the socialist guidelines. Mondlane was re-elected as party chairman and Uriya Simanovo was re-elected vice-president. After the assassination of Mondlane, Uriah Simanovo took the lead, but his presidency was challenged by some members. In April 1969, the leadership took over the triumvirate, consisting of Machel, Santos and Simanovo. A few months later, in November 1969, Machel and Santos overthrew Simanovo. The latter left FRELIMO and then joined the small liberation movement of Yadrovo (Revolutionary Committee of Mozambique). In 1970, the guerrilla movement suffered heavy losses as a result of an operation led by Portugal called Operation Knot Gordius, which was conceived by Caelsa de Arriaga. In the early 1970s, however, Frelimo's guerrilla contingent reached 7,000 fighters. During this period, the rebels took control of parts of central and northern Mozambique. Portuguese forces, satiate some 60,000 soldiers, participated in the conflict against FRELIMO. By January 1974, guerrilla attacks had taken place in central Mozambique. This reality led the Portuguese military to change its political course, as the situation was not sustainable militarily. In April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Portugal washed the Estado Novo regime, and the country turned against the support of the long and debilitating colonial war in Mozambique. Portugal and FRELIMO then negotiated the independence of Mozambique, which became official in June 1975. FRELIMO created a one-sided state based on Marxist-Leninist principles, the president was Samora Machel. The new government received the first diplomatic recognition from European, Asian and American countries, in addition to supporting the Soviet bloc and popular China. With a policy of relaxation and intimidation, the opposing forces were quickly arrested and executed without trial, as was the case with Simango and his wife Selina, as well as other prominent FRELIMO dissidents, including Paulo Humane and Adelino Gwambe, former leaders of Udenamo. During the 3rd Congress, held in 1977, the liberation movement became the Marxist-Leninist party and adopted the name of the Frelimo party. Civil War (1976-1992) See the main article: Civil War in Mozambique How not the entire society recognized FRELIMO as a legitimate political force to command the country, a strong uprising arose. The new government was embroiled in a long civil war with the anti-communist political faction, the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO), which received support from the white minority governments of Rhodesia and the segregationist government of southern Africa (under apartheid). After Mashel's death in 1986 in a plane crash, Joaquim Chissano took over the leadership of both the party and the state. Especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 and the collapse of the communist bloc, Chissano began a conversation about a multi-party system in Mozambique. The civil war ended only in 1992, in accordance with the terms of the General Peace Agreement signed in Rome, Italy. During the years of war, there were major social consequences, and poverty in the country had reached a very high level. This makes it difficult for the Government to achieve many social goals and improve the lives of the Mozambican population. The end of Marxist ideology Despite being inspired by the communist bloc, Chissano was not a hard-line Marxist. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, he even argued that Marxist ideology was outdated for the modern world. Chisano supported the revision of the Constitution, which was adopted in 1990 and introduced a multi-party system in Mozambique. Since the end of the civil war in Mozambique, the country's first multi-party democratic elections have been held in 1994. FRELIMO won the first election by a majority. Since 1993 the freLIMO has moved to social democracy,5 the fact that received active support of the Thatcher government in the United Kingdom. Mozambique then became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, consisting mainly of independent former British colonies, an unusual fact, as the country has strong cultural and historical roots with Portugal. 1999 - The current elections in 1999, President Chisano was re-elected