Flying the Vickers Viscount Aircraft By Ron Austin Ron Austin flew Vickers Viscounts for Trans Australian Airlines between November 1956 and August 1960. The following article reflects his recollections of this period in his long and interesting career. Unless indicated otherwise, the photographs that illustrate Ron’s story are of individual aircraft that he has flown which the RAeS Melbourne Branch has been able to use by kind permission of Mr Bob Smith who set up and manages the AussieAirliners website (www.aussieairliners.org). Vickers Viscount prototype G-AMAV that took part First Viscount at Essendon: in the London to NZ air race, flown by BEA Captain 1953 London to NZ Air Race Baillie, was a 700 series prototype; its race number (23) is on the fin, location Tullamarine. (Credit Maurice While I was working as a maintenance engineer Austin Collection) at Essendon Airport for Trans Australia Airlines Following a ground signal, the pilot pushed the (TAA) in 1953, we were all aware that an start button; our battery cart was a complete example of the new aircraft ordered by TAA failure. The propeller gave a part-rotation and was competing in the London to NZ air race in smoke rose from below the lid of the battery October of that year between London Heathrow cart. The engineers disconnected the electrical and Christchurch International Airport. lead connecting the cart to the aircraft and This airliner was a Viscount built in the UK by the pilots immediately started the engines the traditional aviation firm Vickers; my wife using the internal batteries. We later found the Audrey and I were there at Essendon Airport standard English Varley batteries installed in the on 11 October 1953 when the Viscount arrived. aircraft were capable of producing engine starts Although this was obviously a PR exercise we under all extremes of Australian temperatures. were suitably impressed. The most noticeable TAA later bought several mobile petrol driven difference from other aircraft we were used to generators called “Red Devon” which were at that time was the high pitched whine of the used to start the first engine then the aircraft engines. batteries did the rest. These mobile generators were barely adequate for this task. As a fitter in the Electrical Section of TAA, I was able to observe the preparation for G-AMAV’s Introduction into Service departure on the final leg of the Air Race. Planning ahead for TAA’s introduction of this and Type Conversion type, the Electrical Section had assembled an By the time our senior TAA pilots had delivered especially large set of lead acid batteries to these new aircraft to Melbourne in October start the Viscount’s Rolls Royce Dart engines. 1955, I had been accepted on the flight staff The battery cart was similar to our normal units and was learning the piloting profession on used to start other aircraft, however it was Douglas DC3s. I watched the introduction of important to test this equipment. this new aircraft type into the capital city routes Royal Aeronautical Society Australian Division 1 Melbourne Branch with great interest; the Viscount replaced the wall alongside the F/Os seat. This most unusual Convairs and DC4s. Passengers were impressed switch panel location precluded the Captain by the smooth turbo-propeller engine in the left seat from viewing or monitoring combination and the aeroplane’s ability to fly your switching actions. This switching panel at much higher altitudes in smoother air. included switches for 4 fuel booster pumps, 4 water methanol, 4 air conditioning spill valves, all engine starting and propeller de-icing. The control of these critical switches could only be reached by the F/O. You can appreciate the trepidation of some Captains who preferred to action all cockpit equipment themselves. Later models of the Viscount placed these system switches in the overhead panel where they were accessible to both pilots. Our first flight was from Essendon to Mangalore to learn how to handle the new aircraft. VH-TVE (Type 720 series) in the cruise painted in the original livery After achieving a pilot’s job with TAA in 1955, I was trained initially on Douglas DC3’s. I later converted to the Viscount in November 1956. In those days, as a pilot, you had no choice about which aircraft type you flew, the type you were endorsed on being determined by the management team, so I was pleased to be promoted to the new turboprop aeroplane. Our engineering lectures preparatory to flying the new aeroplane were conducted in ex-military huts located on the edge of Essendon Airport. These courses were run by very skilled ground engineers and normally took three weeks to complete. They covered all of the aircraft structure and systems and on completion of the course there were written exams. The flying component of our Viscount training commenced two months later; while awaiting this conversion training we First Officers reverted back to our normal DC3 flying. Initial Viscount conversion flying was conducted at Mangalore Airport. The content of this Cockpit of Viscount 720 VH-TVE ‘Charles Sturt’ conversion course was extensive as TAA trained (Credit the CAHS collection all their First officers to the same standard as www.airwaysmuseum.com) their Captains, that is to 1st Class Instrument On the first day I flew 3 hours. We practised Rating standard, but our First Officers’ licence flying circuits and landings in various flap was only endorsed for a 2nd class Instrument configurations. Pressure on us increased later Rating. This grading allowed the training section when engine failure training began and we more latitude, because if we had the 1st class found we could only maintain full concentration rating on our licence, the requirements would for about an hour. Training continued with two require TAA to flight check us every 6 months. hours of night flying which included landing On the first day of conversion training I was without any landing lights. This was rather put into the First Officer’s right hand seat and difficult at Mangalore because only the runway Captain Don Winch gave me a full briefing on lights were visible at this dark airport which is the complex switch panel located on the cockpit located 70 kilometres north of Melbourne in Royal Aeronautical Society Australian Division 2 Melbourne Branch the country. I must say that I considered this our fuel load was to fly a constant indicated exercise both dangerous and unnecessary but airspeed (175 kts) for the entire flight. As the it certainly honed our judgement skills. In later engines used our fuel, the aircraft became years during my Electra conversion in 1959, lighter and climbed very slowly through 20,000 TAA was still insisting on pilots undertaking this feet; the lower air temperatures at high altitude difficult type of training. assisted our fuel range. Abeam of Kalgoorlie the northerly wind drift sometimes brought warm air from the WA desert so this would raise the outside air temp and we would sink sometimes several thousands of feet while still holding the constant indicated airspeed. The Australian registration letters registered by TAA began with TVA, which signified T for Trans Australian, V for Viscount and A for 1st aircraft. The alphabet progression increased to TVQ. TAA bought a total of eighteen Viscounts, seven 720 models, five 756Ds and the last two were 816s. A further 4 were subsequently obtained VH-TVF (Type 720 series) at Essendon airport, 28 July second-hand from other world airlines with 1956 surplus equipment. Two extra Viscounts were built for TAA but never delivered. It is interesting Adelaide - Perth: to note that one of these went to the Union A Fuel/Range Challenge Carbide Company and the other to Iran air. Both airframes came to Australia eventually when After a total of seven hours conversion flying on they were bought by the RAAF for 34 Squadron the Viscount I was allocated to Captain ‘Chick’ and used for VIP duties. Clarke for 50 hours line training on normal passenger flights. I now discovered the limiting characteristics of this British aircraft as it was designed for much shorter stage lengths than we required in Australia. My third line training flight was Melbourne to Perth via Adelaide and I discovered the Viscount had a range problem. The flight sector from Adelaide to Perth was the maximum distance we could cover with a full fuel load but, if the normal westerly winds increased in strength, we had to consider refuelling at Kalgoorlie two thirds of the distance to Perth. This type of critical flight was VH-TVD (Type 720 series) at Sydney Kingsford Smith complicated not only by wind strength, but also airport by the high air temperature both on the ground and in the upper atmosphere. Unfortunately In an attempt to improve the restricted range Australian summer temperatures can reach 52 on the Adelaide–Perth flight, the second batch degrees and even cities like Adelaide often have of three aircraft to be delivered - TVD, TVE and temperatures over 40 degrees. TVF - came equipped with auxiliary slipper tanks which held 175 gallons of fuel. If required With a full load of passengers and extreme high on a particular flight, these de-mountable, temperatures the fuel range was reduced so streamlined tanks would be attached to the much that even Kalgoorlie was too far to reach outer wings. Flight endurance for Adelaide- with the available fuel and, at times, we were Perth was determined when flight planning in forced to plan a track from Adelaide to Forrest, Melbourne and the Captain would advise the a tiny town with a sealed runway located Adelaide engineers to fit these tanks before adjacent to the famous Trans Continental refuelling if required.