Final Report Project “Buna Delta Protection” Socio-economic analyses on human dependency on resources, including agriculture/land use practices and water management in BRVPL November 2018 1 Project area: Buna River Velipoje Protected Landscape (BRVPL), Albania Project duration: 2017– Nov 2020 Assignment for Stakeholders Analysis: Sept 2018– Nov 2018 Implementing agency and partners: MAVA Foundation, IUCN ECARO, PAP/RAC, GWP, Tour du Valat, INCA. Authors: Jonada Vasili 2 Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 5 List of figure ........................................................................................................................................... 6 List of table ............................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction and general background ............................................................................................ 1 2. Sustainable Livelihood framework .................................................................................................. 2 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 BRVPL Study area .................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Data collection ........................................................................................................................ 5 3.3 Criteria..................................................................................................................................... 7 4. Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Community profile in BRVPL ................................................................................................... 9 4.1.1 Main characteristics of the area and people .................................................................. 9 4.1.2 Livelihood diversity in inland and coastal area ............................................................. 11 4.1.3 Main assets in BRVPL and human dependency ............................................................ 12 4.1.4 Ecosystem services ........................................................................................................ 13 4.1.5 Trends of habitats, natural, domesticated and cultural resources ............................... 14 4.1.6 Main issues in BRVPL .................................................................................................... 15 4.2 Household questionnaire analysis ........................................................................................ 19 4.2.1 Household characteristics ............................................................................................. 19 4.2.2 Physical Assets owned by local people ......................................................................... 22 4.2.3 Natural resource on BRVPL ........................................................................................... 24 4.2.4 Financial asset ............................................................................................................... 28 4.2.5 Economic livelihood groups and their relation with ecosystem services ..................... 32 4.2.6 Habitats, natural and cultural resources trends ............................................................. 35 4.2.7 Social Assets .................................................................................................................. 37 4.3 Institutional questionnaires analysis ..................................................................................... 39 4.3.1 Legal framework and key institutions in BVPL .............................................................. 39 4.3.2 Institutions interview analysis ...................................................................................... 43 4.3.2.5 University representatives ............................................................................................ 47 4.4 Visitor questionnaire analysis ............................................................................................... 48 4.4.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 48 4.4.2 Visitor opinion ............................................................................................................... 51 5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 55 6. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 57 3 7. References .................................................................................................................................... 60 8. Anexxes ......................................................................................................................................... 61 Anexx 1: Specifics of the villages in BRVPL where the interview was conducted............................ 61 Anexx 2: List of Institutional representatives interviewed in BRVPL ................................................ 63 Anexx 3: Questionnaires ................................................................................................................... 64 Community questionnaire (focus group) ...................................................................................... 64 Household questionnaire ............................................................................................................... 71 Institutional questionnaire ............................................................................................................. 78 Visitor questionnaire ..................................................................................................................... 81 4 Abbreviations SLA Sustainable Livelihood Approach BRVPL Buna River Velipoje Protected Landscape CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community Based Organization DBPA Directorate of Biodiversity and Protected Areas MEA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment DFP Directorate of Forests and Pastures IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KBA Key Biodiversity Area MTE Ministry of Tourism and Environment of Albania NAPA National Agency for Protected Areas RAPA Regional Agency for Protected Areas NGO Non-Governmental Organization PA Protected Area FG Focus Group 5 List of figure Figure 1: Sustainable Livelihood Framework (Source www.fao.org) ....................................... 2 Figure 2: Location of BRVPL.................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Map of BRVPL .......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4 Photo by the enumerators in Cas ............................................................................... 16 Figure 5 Photo of the delta of Buna River by Jonada Vasili .................................................. 17 Figure 6 Household size........................................................................................................... 20 Figure 7 Level of education ..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 8 Professional qualification .......................................................................................... 21 Figure 9 Working status ........................................................................................................... 21 Figure 10Assets owned by local household according to Wealth/Poor category .................... 22 Figure 11Agriculture land size owned by the household ......................................................... 23 Figure 12 Main assets in BRVPL according to the households............................................... 24 Figure 13 Main Problem in BRVPL ........................................................................................ 25 Figure 14 Natural resources used by households according to their Poverty/wealth category 26 Figure 15 Main pressures on natural resources in BRVPL ...................................................... 28 Figure 16 Households spending of 120 euro .......................................................................... 28 Figure 17 Households spending of 520 euro ........................................................................... 29 Figure 18 Households spending of 3000 euro ......................................................................... 29 Figure 19 How the household wuld like 8000 euro to be spend for the village ...................... 30 Figure 20Economic livelihood groups in BRVPL and their percentages ................................ 32 Figure 21 Economic livelihood groups and their contribution to ecosystem services ............ 35 Figure 22 Social Assets ........................................................................................................... 38 Figure 23 Social capital according to Poverty/Wealth category .............................................. 38 Figure 24 Asset pentagon by Poverty/ Wealth category .........................................................