Volume 6, Issue 8(2), August 2017 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research Published by Sucharitha Publications 8-43-7/1, Chinna Waltair Visakhapatnam – 530 017 Andhra Pradesh – India Email: [email protected] Website: www.ijmer.in Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr.K. Victor Babu Faculty, Department of Philosophy Andhra University – Visakhapatnam - 530 003 Andhra Pradesh – India EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. S.Mahendra Dev Vice Chancellor Prof. Fidel Gutierrez Vivanco Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Founder and President Research Escuela Virtual de Asesoría Filosófica Mumbai Lima Peru Prof.Y.C. Simhadri Prof. Igor Kondrashin Vice Chancellor, Patna University The Member of The Russian Philosophical Former Director Society Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary The Russian Humanist Society and Expert of Studies, New Delhi & The UNESCO, Moscow, Russia Formerly Vice Chancellor of Benaras Hindu University, Andhra University Nagarjuna University, Patna University Dr. Zoran Vujisiæ Rector Prof. (Dr.) Sohan Raj Tater St. Gregory Nazianzen Orthodox Institute Universidad Rural de Guatemala, GT, U.S.A Former Vice Chancellor Singhania University, Rajasthan Prof.U.Shameem Prof.K.Sreerama Murty Department of Zoology Andhra University Visakhapatnam Department of Economics Andhra University - Visakhapatnam Dr. N.V.S.Suryanarayana Dept. of Education, A.U. Campus Dr.V.Venkateswarlu Vizianagaram Assistant Professor Dept. of Sociology & Social Work Dr. Kameswara Sharma YVR Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur Asst. Professor Dept. of Zoology Prof. P.D.Satya Paul Sri. Venkateswara College, Delhi University, Department of Anthropology Delhi Andhra University – Visakhapatnam I Ketut Donder Prof. Josef HÖCHTL Depasar State Institute of Hindu Dharma Department of Political Economy Indonesia University of Vienna, Vienna & Ex. Member of the Austrian Parliament Prof. Roger Wiemers Austria Professor of Education Lipscomb University, Nashville, USA Prof. Alexander Chumakov Chair of Philosophy Dr. N.S. Dhanam Russian Philosophical Society Department of Philosophy Moscow, Russia Andhra University Visakhapatnam Dr.B.S.N.Murthy Dr.Ton Quang Cuong Department of Mechanical Engineering Dean of Faculty of Teacher Education GITAM University University of Education, VNU, Hanoi Visakhapatnam Prof. Chanakya Kumar Dr.S.V Lakshmana Rao Department of Computer Science Coordinator University of Pune,Pune A.P State Resource Center Visakhapatnam Prof. Djordje Branko Vukelic Department for Production Engineering Dr.S.Kannan University of Novi Sad, Serbia Department of History Annamalai University Prof. Shobha V Huilgol Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram Department of Pharmacology Off- Al- Ameen Medical College, Bijapur Dr. B. Venkataswamy H.O.D., & Associate Professor Prof.Joseph R.Jayakar Dept. of Telugu, P.A.S. College Department of English Pedanandipadu, Guntur, India GITAM University Dr.E. Ashok Kumar Hyderabad Department of Education North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong Prof.Francesco Massoni Department of Public Health Sciences Dr.K.Chaitanya University of Sapienza, Rome Department of Chemistry Nanjing University of Science and Prof.Mehsin Jabel Atteya Technology Al-Mustansiriyah University People’s Republic of China College of Education Department of Mathematics, Iraq Dr.Merina Islam Department of Philosophy Prof. Ronato Sabalza Ballado Cachar College, Assam Department of Mathematics Dr. Bipasha Sinha University of Eastern Philippines, Philippines S. S. Jalan Girls’ College University of Calcutta, Calcutta Dr.Senthur Velmurugan .V Librarian Prof. N Kanakaratnam Kalasalingam University Dept. of History, Archaeology & Culture Krishnankovil Tamilnadu Dravidian University, Kuppam Andhra Pradesh Dr.J.B.Chakravarthi Dr. K. John Babu Assistant Professor Department of Journalism & Mass Comm Department of Sahitya Central University of Kashmir, Kashmir Rasthritya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati Dr.T.V.Ramana Prof. R. Siva Prasadh Department of Economics, Andhra University Institute of Advanced Studies in Education Campus, Kakinada Andhra University, Visakhapatnam ® © Editor-in-Chief, IJMER Typeset and Printed in India www.ijmer.in IJMER, Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, concentrates on critical and creative research in multidisciplinary traditions. This journal seeks to promote original research and cultivate a fruitful dialogue between old and new thought. Proceedings of the International Conference on RECENT ADVANCES IN AQUACULTURE (RAA-2016) th th 16 & 17 December, 2016 Chief Editor Dr. Kondamudi Ramesh Babu, M.Sc. B.Ed. Ph.D. Converner-RAA-2016 Department of Marine Living Resources College of Science and Technology Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003 Andhra Pradesh, India Editors Dr. Md. Akhtar Hossain Professor, Department of Fisheries University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Prof. P. Sasi Bhushana Rao, Ph.D., F.A.E.B., F.En.R.A. Former Head, P.G. Dept. of Life Sc., SKCG (Auton) College, Govt. of Odisha Dr. R. Ananda Raja, MVSc, Ph.D, ARS., Scientist, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India,75, Chennai-600028, India. Prof. Lakshman Nayak Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Odisha Prof. Sumit Homechaudhuri Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal Dr. Jayasree Loka, Scientist Karwar Research Centre of CMFRI, North Karnataka - 581301, Karnataka, India. Dr. Dr. S. Kandan, Director, MPEDA Dr. Pradyut Biswas, Assistant Professor College of Fisheries, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura Technical Assistant for Proceedings of the International Conference on RAA-2016 Dr. Joseph Uday Ranjan, T Dr. K. V. Siva Reddy Dr. V. Govind Rao Dr. G. Vijaya Pratap Mr. K. Pavan Kumar Mr. M. Naresh Dr. N.M. Krishna Mrs. Ch. Prasanthi Ms. G. Prasanna Lakshmi Technical assistance for conference Dr. Gopal Anand Mrs. Archana Ayyagari Dr. M. Mohan Rao Mr. M. Srinivasa Rao Dr. M. Murali Mohan Dr. N. Ram Sai Reddy Mr. Appala Raju Urap Nanaji FOREWORD India is one of the leading countries in production & supply of protein rich aquatic food in the form fish & prawn for the growing Global population. The Indian sub- continent is covered with sea on 3 sides offering greater capture potential for marine products. But due to over exploitation in the coastal areas, the marine productivity is affected markedly and the production trend reveals a plateau or even declining. The resources from the Deep Sea/off shore waters are not yet fully exploited. Water covers 2/3rd of the Globe and rest with land. But the potentiality has not been reaped optimally. The latest innovative technologies, namely, PFZ-Remote Sensing, GIS, GPRS, onboard processing, new designs in Fishing gear & crafts are essential at this juncture for tapping the untouched areas in Exclusive Economic Zone .In addition, Biodiversity is to be protected & maintained by adopting environmental friendly fishing operations. The Andhra Pradesh, the Rising State, is Ranked 1st in Fish & Prawn production in India, 3rd in Global shrimp production, 6th in Global Aquaculture Production and contributing 1.19 % Global & 20.77 % National Production. The Continental shelf area of AP is 33,227 Sq. Km offers greater scope for introduction of Coastal & Offshore cage Culture systems for culture of some important marine & Brackish water species whose seed production & culture practices have been standardised by ICAR institutes, MPEDA-RGCA, include, Cobia, Silver Pampano, Groupers, Seabass, P.monodon, L vannamei, Mud Crab, P. semisulcatus etc., to meet the demand both in Domestic & International market. The Countries like, China, Australia, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam have progressed tremendously in Offshore Cage Culture practices. India is about to kick start the technology. Aquaculture is one of the growing subsector in fisheries which is also facing leaps and bounds in recent years. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken a proactive role in the further expansion of the aquaculture sector as a means to increase production, as an important tool for development and income generation in rural areas and as source of foreign exchange earnings through trade. There is a greater need to monitor the Aquaculture system by introducing Surveillance & Monitoring technologies in hatchery operations, grow out culture systems, Pond Automation and also to strengthen the Aqua lab services through Networking and to link all the Aqua Labs to National & International Research Institutes, Universities etc., to mitigate the Disease & water quality problems In addition, the Skill & knowledge development programmes are also essential to equip State with Man Power to handle the issues more effectively to achieve sustainability. In this context, the efforts made by the Andhra University through its branches dealing with Marine Biology, Fisheries, Aquaculture etc., are highly appreciable in contributing Man Power, Technologies, Research & Education. I have a strong belief that the proceedings of “International Conference on Recent Advances in Aquaculture (RAA-2016)”, being Organised by the Department of Marine Living Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam would identify the issues and bring implementable solutions that are needed for Development of Fisheries Sector in India and particularly in AP. I wish a Great Success. Rama Sankar Naik Acknowledgements It is our pleasure to present this volume consisting of selected papers from the International conference on Recent Advances in Aquaculture (RAA-2016), held 16th & 17th December