The Cityscapes of José Parlá: A Dislocated Reality I coined the name; Cityscapes, as a term for José Parlá’s work for he is not just a painter of the urban scene. Rather, his paintings recreate, in their densely accumulated surfaces, the very textures and pulse of the cities he has moved through since childhood and throughout his life : San Juan, Miami, New York City, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Houston, Savannah, London, Havana, Istanbul, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Osaka, Madrid, Bangkok, Sydney, Antwerp, Paris, and San Salvador. Parlá’s paintings are an extension of these travels. José captures and replicates the mood of the city streets by zooming into the landscape through color and the recreation of deteriorated city walls on which time has worked its mark. Through immersing ourselves into the terrain of Parlá’s surfaces we can almost hear the sound track of the streets. Sounds emerging from car horns, voices, trains screeching into a subway station, music, footsteps, laughter, a saxophone playing in the distance, all blending as layers that help to create the visual symphony of Parla’s gesture. Parlá is fascinated with how the city constructs itself and functions as a palimpsest, upon which the experiences of those who pass through are materially inscribed on decaying walls. He sees the city as a vertical grid, from the bridges, to the streets, down to the subterranean warrens of train tunnels, pipes and wires connecting to people living life inside apartments. The 1 construction of the city and the passing of time find their equivalent in the way he attacks a painting, how he sees the need to layer his surfaces the way the city itself in layered. Parlá constructs his surfaces not only using oils and acrylic, but with the materials of the city: with cement, posters torn from walls, old newspapers, chunks of materials found on the street or in subway stations. He then reworks the materials until the colors of mold, rust or deterioration are right for the composition and have acquired the patina of weathered age. Location is a key aspect of each work. Parlá replicates the mood and textures of the site, adopting hand styles from different areas as well as emulating surface textures. As he has commented, “Location is an important part of my work because it speaks of the history of where I've been, the history of the neighborhood in a city which can depict the class of neighborhood and its relation to my understanding of how to approach a particular painting. Questions that come to mind: What is going on in this place? Who are these characters? How can I become or engage some of these people in order to tell their story? The moods I feel while I travel and observe the city landscape have a lot to do with the colors I choose, pastels for Miami, rustic hard browns and reds for New York.” In Pell Street (2000) for example, Parlá summons up the small street in China Town, New York, recreating the Chinese characters from job signs, menus and poster colors. In Calle Luna (2003) the Turneresque passages of white, grey and yellow light palette summons the ambience of San Juan, Puerto Rico; Canal 2 Street (2004) creates, in a multi panel installation, the sense of encrusted walls found along that subway station, the layers of posters advertising events long gone; Tremont Avenue (2004) functions as a passage back to the life of the street in the early 1980s, the grimy subway stations and platforms, the wild style of the “Piecing” (short for master piecing) – the large, thick, inscriptions left by successive generations of writers. The painted and created layers of background wall textures function for Parlá as psychological maps where past and present experiences of the street can fuse in highly personal ways. The inspiration and mood of one city can turn and switch to another. Specific languages and images from different cities can mesh to produce more abstract passages in the work. In Istanbul, for example, Parlá found that the light reminded him of Havana and saw that the walls were damaged in a similar way and so observations of the two cities fuse together in such works as Aguada de Pasajeros (2005). In Hong Kong and China Town, New York, not just the walls, but the smells and sounds linked the cities in his mind and in his painting, Pell Street. The mould growing on the walls of East London fuse with Central Park in Shrubland Road (2004). These “dislocated” works, as he calls them, tend to be more abstract, but specifically based in Parlá’s calligraphy. It is in this writing gesture or calligraphic mark that Parlá internalizes these cities and makes his observations a part of his mental archive: “In combining my personal style of calligraphy 3 acquired through years of being a writer I am authenticating the painting with a signature style which is equal to signing a wall with my name, which is ultimately making the statement that I was there. These cityscape fragments, my paintings, are now a part of me.” Indeed this personal mark of “I was there” is the ultimate authenticating gesture of Parlá’s canvas. Parlá describes the calligraphic paintings as journals, but “under lock and key,” deliberately illegible, a pirate alphabet as he terms it in one painting (“Pirate Alphabet” (2005) - a work that conveys much of his history and yearning for a land and a rhythm lost to his Cuban exile parents.) When José moved to the United States from Puerto Rico with his family he did not try to adapt to the dominant culture, but instead became a part of the rising subculture – a new nationality of the underground – sharing in a music, dance, art and painting related to street culture, and to hip hop, which were all being reborn at that time during the 1980s. As that era passed, Parlá expresses a certain nostalgia for that past whose energy he recreates in his calligraphy. The haunting beauty of Parlá’s dense calligraphic line often dissolves into organic and abstract shapes that resemble drawing rather than writing. In their multi layered complexity José’s paintings draw the viewer into their indecipherable depths, but once there, once we have given up the attempt to read for “content,” we are subsumed in the play of line and color – blues, cool whites, rusts, reds and umber – drawn further and further into a mesmerizing depth 4 where stories both happy and sad play out, summoning emotions about life, love, friends, politics, and sex. What finally merges in Parlá’s rich surfaces and the artist’s own persona is a radical commitment to life in all its forms, both past and present. His surfaces preserve the rhythm and energy of the streets and his travels, the “confessions” other writers have left behind, the fleeting evidence of anonymous creators who leave a dialogue that for the most part goes unnoticed, yet which daily inscribes itself into the urban subconscious. Manon Slome New York, 2006. Manon Slome is Chief Curator of the Chelsea Art Museum in New York. 5 .