Authors: Amila Ždralović, PhD; Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović, PhD and Prof. Zarfa Hrnjić-Kuduzović, PhD Design: Merisa Bašić and Tanja Ćurić Translation: Jovana Janjić Publishers: CURE Foundation The publishing of the publication was supported by the Women's World Day of Prayer (WWDP) and the German Committee as part of the project "Women's Advocacy for Gender Equality" - follow up. CIP Amila Ždralović, PhD; Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović, PhD and Prof. Zarfa Hrnjić-Kuduzović, PhD WOMEN IN BIH INSTITUTIONS PUPPETS OF GENDER QUOTAS Sarajevo, 2018 CONTENT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TRANSLATION ................................................... 7 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS................................................................................ 8 1. NORMATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF GENDER EQUALITY .................................................................................................... 12 1.1. International standard ................................................................ 12 1.2. Domestic regulations .................................................................. 17 2. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH ........................ 21 I PART: GENDER EQUALITY IN THE REGION OF EASTERN SARAJEVO AND ROMANIJA: (NOT) IDEAL (N)OR PRACTICE ...................................................... 26 1. General overview ................................................................................ 26 2. LOCAL INSIGHTS ...................................................................................... 36 2.1. PALE - RS ........................................................................................... 36 2.1.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 36 2.1.2. Legal and political framework and participation of women in the public sphere ........................................................................................... 37 2.1.3. Socio-economic aspect ................................................................. 41 2.1.4. Social and health protection ......................................................... 43 2.1.5. Domestic violence ......................................................................... 44 2.1.6. Women marginalized on multiple grounds .................................. 45 2.2.SOKOLAC ........................................................................................... 47 2.2.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 47 2.2.2. Legal and political framework and the participation of women in political/public life of the community ..................................................... 48 2.2.3. Socio-economic aspect ................................................................. 50 2.2.4. Social and health protection ......................................................... 52 2.2.5. Women marginalized on multiple grounds .................................. 53 2.2.6. Domestic violence ......................................................................... 55 2.3. EASTERN ILIDŽA ................................................................................ 57 2.3.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 57 2.3.2. Legal and political framework and participation of women in the political/public life of the community ..................................................... 57 2.3.4. Social and health protection ......................................................... 59 2.3.5. Domestic violence ......................................................................... 61 2.3.6. Women marginalized on multiple grounds .................................. 61 2.4. TRNOVO - RS .................................................................................... 62 2.4.1. Introduction .................................................................................. 62 2.4.2. Legal and political framework and participation of women in political/public life .................................................................................. 63 2.4.3. Economic aspect ........................................................................... 65 2.4.4. Social protection and health care ................................................. 66 2.4.5. Domestic violence ......................................................................... 66 3. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 67 3.1. General information for the region ................................................. 67 3.2. Specific recommendations for local communities ........................... 73 II PART: LOCAL POLICIES OF GENDER STRATIFICATION - Region: Hadžići (Hadžići, Ilijaš and Semizovac) ........................................................................ 76 1. Declarative equality? .......................................................................... 78 2. Participation of women in the political life of the community ........... 81 3. Socio-economic position of women .................................................... 88 3.1. Education ......................................................................................... 88 3.2. Employment ................................................................................ 92 3.3. Different basis for social stratification ........................................ 94 3.4. Domestic violence ..................................................................... 100 4. Instead of conclusion: How to reach gender equality? .................... 102 III PART: GENDER EQUALITY IN REGIONS TUZLA AND LIVNO: ...................... 106 WORDS ON PAPER ........................................................................................ 106 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 106 2. Method.............................................................................................. 108 3. Results ............................................................................................... 111 3.1. Tuzla .......................................................................................... 112 3.2. Srebrenik ................................................................................... 120 3.3. Gračanica ................................................................................... 124 3.4. Orašje ........................................................................................ 127 3.5. Livno .......................................................................................... 130 3.6. Kupres ....................................................................................... 133 3.7. Bosansko Grahovo .................................................................... 135 3.8. Bugojno ..................................................................................... 138 4. Final remarks with recommendations .............................................. 140 TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................. 150 LITERATURE ................................................................................................... 157 ABOUT THE AUTHORS ................................................................................... 169 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TRANSLATION ARS BiH(AGE) Agency for gender equality of Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina CEDAW The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CSR (CSW) Center for social work FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina GAP Gender action plan GV (CC) City council JU (PI) Public institution KUD Folklore association LGAP Local Gender action plan MUP(MIA) Ministry of internal affairs MZ(LC) Local community NVO(NGO) Non governmental organization OSI (PWD) Person with disability OV(MC) Municipality council RS Republika Srpska RVI(WV) War veterans SBK (CBC) Central Bosnia Canton SO (MA) Municipal Assembly TK(TC) Tuzla Canton UG(AC) Association of citizens UN United Nations ZORS (GEL) Gender Equality Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina ZOZD(ADL) Anti-discrimination law in Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 Amila Ždralović, PhD INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Based on previous research, it can be argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina is an excellent example of separation of legal (de iure) and real (de facto) achievements of gender equality. However, neither the idealizations are justified in the first segment, nor is the leveling of what has been done so far justified in the second. It can be stated beforehand that the legislation was built on genderless legislation that has been subsequently subjected to attempts to be corrected through mechanisms of special protection of women's human rights. However, the very language used in the BiH Constitution reflects the image of social reality and establishes future discriminatory practices. The exclusive use of male gender as a paradigm of political subjectivity, women are symbolically excluded from the contract, just as they were previously excluded from creating the content. The "Women Citizens for Constitutional Changes" Initiative in 2013 has submitted the Platform of Women's Priorities for Constitutional Changes1, where the use of gender-sensitive language is listed as the first of the five defined priorities. Also, the Agency for Gender Equality of BiH (AGE BiH) has made a set of amendments2 to the BiH Constitution and the 1 Platform of women's priorities for Constitutional changes with