The 2nd Annual TSBE EngD Conference University of Reading Whiteknights July 2011 i Abstract Papers of 2nd TSBE EngD Conference Held at Henley Business School, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6UD 5th July 2011 © TSBE Centre, University of Reading 2011 Organised by: Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments Centre JJ Thomson Building Whiteknights PO Box 220 Reading Berkshire RG6 6AF No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any of the methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the materials herewith. ii Preface This is the second Engineering Doctorate (EngD) Conference hosted by the Industrial Doctorate Centre Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments (TSBE), University of Reading. The purpose of this Conference is to offer the opportunity for the Centre’s Research Engineers (REs) to present their research findings to University academics as well as an industry audience. These proceedings include the abstracts of all the papers which will be presented at the Conference. The papers are prepared following the standard Conference format and have been reviewed by other academics in addition to the relevant supervisors. Each paper represents the current progress in the RE’s research project and a plan for continuing the research. The full papers will be published on data sticks and distributed to the Conference The aim of this Conference is to develop the REs technical presentation skills to expert audience, encourage debate and respond to critique and advice for developing the research to the next phase. It is hoped that these papers could then be developed for publication in international conference proceedings and learned journals in the relevant fields. I would like to express my gratitude to all those individuals who contributed to this Conference, without their dedication and enthusiasm it would not have been possible to hold this Conference. These include the REs who worked hard to prepare the papers (some of whom have only been working on their research project only for a few months), the project supervisors (from the University and the sponsoring companies) who gave encouragement and support for their researchers, the academics who reviewed these papers, and for the sponsoring companies who initiated the research projects and provided support throughout. I would also like to acknowledge the support and enthusiasm received from the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) for sponsoring the Conference and to my gratitude to Mr Alan Crane, CBE, CIOB Vice President for being our Keynote Speaker. My thanks also go to the Centre staff Jenny Berger, Emma Hawkins and Georgie Watson for their dedication and hard work in organising this Conference. Finally, I hope that all the participants will find this event stimulating and enjoyable. Professor Hazim Awbi Conference Chair TSBE Centre Director University of Reading iii Alan Crane CBE FCIOB CIOB Vice President Qualifications: C.Eng; FICE;FCIOB; FCIM; FFB Alan has spent 40 years in the Construction Industry, and has held CEO/COO appointments with Bovis International, Travers Morgan Consulting Group and Christiani & Nielsen Group. He has had responsibility for a wide range of major projects including the Development & Construction of Canary Wharf in London, Eurodisney, and Petronas Towers in Malaysia. He has extensive international experience, throughout Europe, Middle and Far East, Asia and Australia. He is a Chartered Engineer and Chartered Builder and he currently operates as an independent consultant providing input and advice to Clients, Designers and Contractors on procurement, construction, buildability, scheduling, Business Performance Improvement, Partnering, Supply Chain and Value Management. He is a past Chairman of the Construction Confederation, was a member of the Construction Industry Board, the Strategic Forum of the Construction Industry, Chairman of the Institution of Civil Engineers Management Board, Privy Council appointed member of the Architects Registration Board and of a number of Government Task Forces. A Trustee of the Chartered Institute of Building, immediate past Chair of the Education, Qualifications, Standards & Practice Board, Alan became Vice President in June 2009. Alan is also a regular conference speaker and conference chairman, both in the UK and internationally, he is the author of a number of industry and Task Force reports and “How To” guidance documents. Following the issue of Sir John Egan's Task Force Report ''Rethinking Construction'' in late 1998 he was asked by Government and Industry to establish and Chair the Movement for Innovation (M4i) with the task of motivating industry to radically change the way in which it operates, and to adopt the recommendations and targets of the Egan report . In April 2002 he became Chairman of Rethinking Construction, the overarching organisation taking forward the industry change programme which involved over 5000 industry and Government organisations who are leading the way in achieving significant performance improvements based upon both process and product, with modern off site methods being a key element. He established and chaired the group responsible for development of the UK Construction industry Key Performance Indicators and Benchmark system. With the merger of Rethinking Construction and the Construction Best Practice Programme he became a Director of the combined organisation, Constructing Excellence. He has provided “Rethinking Construction” support to overseas Industry/Government bodies including Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Denmark, Sweden, Greece, South Africa, India and Chile. He has undertaken a major lecture tours in many parts of the world including China where he was advising on behalf of CIOB on improvement to the construction industry. He is a Government appointed Construction sector member of the Building Regulations iv Advisory Committee, a number of working groups, and was recently appointed Chair of the Building Control Performance Standards Group. : “Sustainability and Action – over and under use – caused by myths?” I will explore how we, built environment professionals, Construction Managers and managers of construction all, working in a fully integrated environment, can and will make a difference. Not just the environment, but all 3 dimensions to Sustainability – or is it 4? Whether driven by the simple fact that UK law says that we must reduce Carbon by 50% by 2025; or by the moral imperative that the world of today is not ours to treat as we please, that we have in trust and must account for to those who come after; or even just the fact that people say as an industry that we can’t! We have the skills, we have the technical knowledge, we now have the help of the CIOB CarbonAction2050 Toolkit. Yes we should look at what other stakeholders, such as Government, are or more likely are not doing. Green Banks and other initiatives are and will be important but as Construction Managers it is time to stop looking for direction from others – or the excuses – we can and we must take Action and I will outline some of the Actions we can take Now. v Contents SMEs And Smart Grids: What Are The Market Realities? 1 JM Rawlings1 The Impacts Of Renewable Energy Resource Variability On Conventional Thermal Generators M. L. Kubik Development Of A Virtual Pyranometer For Solar Energy Monitoring P.A. Burgess Reducing User Influence On Energy Consumption Through Improved Building And Control Design R.M. Tetlow Dynamic Stall For A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine In A Two-Dimensional Study R. Nobile Sustainable Procurement – Challenges For Construction Practice. R.J. Belfitt A Consumption And Emissions Model Of An RTG Crane Diesel Generator C. E. Knight Challenges In Intelligent Management Of Power And Cooling Towards Sustainable Data Centre S. Luong A Methodology To Quantify The Environmental Impacts Of The Microsoft Windows Operating Systems Daniel R. Williams Multifunctional, Adaptable Facades Bridget Ogwezi Heat Demand Analysis Of Residential Development In London Connected To District Heating Scheme R. Burzynski Considering Occupants’ Comfort In Sustainable Building Refurbishment Projects Michelle Agha-Hossein A Review Of Currently Available Standards And Software Tools For Assessing Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Buildings. H. J. Darby Sustainable Planning In The Era Of The Localism Bill T.Mcginley Review Of Factors Affecting Uncontrolled Ventilation In Food Supermarkets S. Sawaf Bats And Breathable Roofing Membranes: Do The Mechanics Of A Membrane Affect Mechanical Stability? Stacey Waring Potential Carbon Savings Through Hot-Fill Appliances: Field Test Data Validation D.Saker vi Building Services Systems: Heating And Air Conditioning Design Approaches A. Barcellos The Use Of Sustainable Travel Planning Strategies Within Remote Cities M. H. Ismai1 Methods Used For Sustainable Management Of Time, Cost And Quality Throughout The London 2012 Olympic And Paralympic Programme - Interim Findings Using A Scoping Study J. M. Grossman Modelling Building Semantics: Providing Feedback And Sustainability H. H. Shah vii Abstracts of Conference Papers: TSBE EngD Conference, TSBE Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AF, 5th July 2011. http://www.reading.ac.uk/tsbe/ SMEs And Smart Grids: What Are The Market Realities? JM Rawlings1*, PJ Coker2, AJ Doak3 and J Wallis4 1 Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments