Building Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation in the Copenhagen area An analysis of institutional capacity for climate09 change-05-2013 adaptation in the Copenhagen area Prepared by Meherun Nahar Master´s in Urban Planning and Management Department of Development and Planning i Aalborg University, Denmark An analysis of institutional capacity for climate change adaptation in the Copenhagen area Title page Title: An analysis of institutional capacity for climate change adaptation in the Copenhagen area Study: Master´s Thesis in Urban Planning and Management, Aalborg University Project period: 1. February to 13. June 2013 Project group: UPM42013-9 Supervisor: Birgitte Hoffmann Copies: 2 Pages: 99 pages including appendix Appendices: Author: ______________________________ Meherun Nahar ii An analysis of institutional capacity for climate change adaptation in the Copenhagen area Abstract The report is based on the question ´How do different municipalities in HOFOR develop their own plan to implement climate change adaptation?´ Therefore focus will be on to find out what approaches that municipalities follow for climate change adaptation and how they relate these approaches with national adaptation strategy. Moreover the project will identify how municipalities work with other municipalities and how they divide their tasks among them regarding climate change adaptation. Besides, the project will identify how different municipalities cooperate with HOFOR and finally it will investigate how different municipalities engage people and other stakeholders in climate change adaptation. The report is based on multiple case studies where each municipality working with HOFOR is an individual case. The report is an exploratory one. The analysis is based on the interviews of representative persons from different municipalities, HOFOR, Avedøre Wastewater and an water expert, municipality plans and strategies and theories of sustainable urban water management, community resilience and social assessment, institutional theory and governance, power and collaborative planning. The report shows different approaches for climate change adaption. It shows that though municipalities choose traditional pipe based approach for increasing capacity of sewerage, there is an ongoing shift from traditional pipe based approach local solutions with more green areas for handling rainwater. But this ongoing shift is not dominant yet. For this new paradigm, municipalities need to build their institutional capacity by collaborative planning approach and by resilient approach. I hereby, conclude that municipalities are collaborating with utilities for climate change adaptation very explicitly while till now citizen participation is included in the process of public hearing. Municipalities face some communication challenges to work with citizens. There are other barriers that hinder adaptation tasks for example: technical barrier, lack of manpower, lack of time, financial barrier and legislative barrier. Though some municipalities have already engaged citizens in some demonstration projects for example in Brøndby and in Rødovre citizens took part in the road renovation project. But the examples of such case are very few. Moreover, municipalities rely more on technical know-how. iii An analysis of institutional capacity for climate change adaptation in the Copenhagen area Preface The report has been written in connection with the master´s thesis within the Urban Planning and Management Program under the department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University in Aalborg. The research period for this report was conducted from 1 February to 13 June 2013. For the references the Harvard method has been used, e.g. (Larsen 2009), if there are references with the same name and year then there is a letter added on the year, e.g. (Larsen 2009a). The full list of the references can be found at the end of the report. Appendices can be found in the end of the report. During the data collection period, I was privileged to conduct interviews with respected person from the municipalities, HOFOR, Avedøre Wastewater and Water expert. I would like to thank the people who made it possible: - Sonia Sørensen, Section Leader, Planning Department, HOFOR - Rikke Nicolajsen, Avedøre Wastewater Services - Søren Hansen, Landscape Architect, Project Manager, Avedøre wastewater services - Palle D. Sørensen, Center for Park and Nature, Copenhagen Municipality - Sigrid Glarbo, Urban planner, Landscape Architect, Albertslund Municipality - Hans-Henrik Høg, Head of Supply Division, Albertslund Utility - Morten Beha Pedersen, cand.techn.soc, Hvidovre Municipality - Lars Kuhnau Hansen, Department of Environment, Rødovre Municipality - Chiara Fratini, MSc. Env. Eng., Ph.D. fellow, Center for Design, Innovation and Sustainable Transition, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University – Copenhagen I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Birgitte Hoffmann for her support and input in the project along with Chaira Fratini to review my report all the time and for her valuable inputs. I hope you will enjoy the reading! Meherun Nahar iv An analysis of institutional capacity for climate change adaptation in the Copenhagen area Table of content Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. iii Preface .............................................................................................................................................. iv List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................8 2. Theory ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Climate change adaptation ................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Sustainable urban water management .............................................................................. 12 2.3 Community Resilience and social assessment .................................................................... 13 2.4 Government, Governance and Institutions ........................................................................ 15 2.5 Network Power and Collaborative Planning ....................................................................... 18 2.5.1 How to Approach Collaborative Planning in climate change adaptation ..................... 19 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 21 3.1 Case Studies in General ..................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Multiple Case Study ........................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Research Question and Applied methods .......................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Problem formulation.................................................................................................. 22 3.3.2 Research Question ..................................................................................................... 22 3.4 Research design ................................................................................................................. 24 3.5 Analytical framework ......................................................................................................... 25 3.6 Data collection protocol .................................................................................................... 28 3.7 Interviews.......................................................................................................................... 28 3.8 Analysis and Interpretation ................................................................................................ 29 3.9 Supervision ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.10 Limitations of the Study ..................................................................................................... 30 4. Case study in Denmark ............................................................................................................. 31 4.1 Climate change adaptation in Denmark ............................................................................. 31 4.2 Spatial Planning in Denmark .............................................................................................. 32 4.3 HOFOR (Hovedstadsområdets Forsyningsselskab).............................................................. 34 4.4 Avedøre Wastewater ......................................................................................................... 35 4.5 Lynettefællesskabet I/S ..................................................................................................... 36 4.6 Municipality of Albertslund................................................................................................ 37 4.7 Municipality of Brøndby .................................................................................................... 38 4.8 Municipality of Dragør ......................................................................................................