PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A RE-EXAMINATION THAT FEMALE ANTAGONISTS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF MISOGNY IN C. S LEWIS’ S THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By Margareth Aritonang Student Number: 014214063 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A RE-EXAMINATION THAT FEMALE ANTAGONISTS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF MISOGNY IN C. S LEWIS’ S THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By Margareth Aritonang Student Number: 014214063 3 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI “Apa yang pernah ada akan ada lagi, dan apa yang pernah dibuat akan dibuat lagi; tak ada sesuatu yang baru di bawah matahari” (Pengkhotbah 1:9) 4 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI They give me references to what Life is and help me to open my heart to the mystery of it. This thesis is my deepest expression of thankfulness and prayers to them: My parents, brothers, and sister, Sr. Clare Hand, FCJ The Jansons: Sheralyn, Rinus, Luke and Daniel Faculty of Letters, University of Sanata Dharma, Sunday School Ministry, Yogyakarta International Congregation, Domby Kids Hope, Ex-CO Mrican, And those who I’ve encountered in my life 5 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to Dr. Novita Dewi, who has patiently guided me during the process of writing this thesis. Her willingness to spent times to read my work amidst her hectic schedule is a treasure for me. I am also so grateful for my co- advisor, Dra. Theresia Enny Anggraini, M. A, who has given critical insights to improve my work. My gratitude also goes to Tatang Iskarna, M. Hum for being the guest examiner for my thesis defense. The inputs he suggested help me to make this thesis even much better. Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum deserves my gratitude also for being so patient to welcome me to his office to consult the schedule for the thesis defense. My deepest and the most sincere gratitude go to Sr. Clare Hand, FCJ who always has faith in me. I thank her for every single thing she had done for me. This thesis would have never come to finish without her ideas, suggestions, love, and the time she willingly spent to listen to my personal problems. “Thank you so much Sr. Clare. There are really no words can express how much I appreciate you”. Thanks also to Sr. Elvisa, FCJ for calling the taxi as I finished my consultation. All FCJ Sisters at Susteran Soropadan deserve my big thanks as well - “thank you all for the foods, the joy, and the prayers!” 6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I would never complete my thesis without the love and support my family has been watering me. My big thanks and love goes to The Aritonangs. Mom and Dad have been a great motivation for me in doing anything. I thank the Light and the Darkness to give me such wonderful parents. My critical and 'philosopher' brothers and sister have motivated me not to take life for granted. My sincere gratitude also goes to my foster family in Buncit Persada. Thanks to Sabine Volker and Manfred Oepen for always welcoming me to their house every time I need shelter in Jakarta, and for Marieke and Leefke Volker for showing me a new fresh and challenging perspective to view life. I would like to express my thanks to all people who have came into my life (it would probably take hundred of pages to list their names one by one). Thanks to all those who have been part of my life from the very first time of the writing of this thesis to its end, particularly my beloved friends from ex-CO Mrican (Peggy, Priskila, Teni, Susi, Dianing, Yeni, Tom Berry, Yuli, Irawati, Lingga, Bilvi, Ratna, Doni, Aswar, Yana, Yani, Lilian, Santi, Novi, Sepri, Gugun, Bayu, Ino: ”the moments I've spent with you will always remain in my mind'. Thanks also to all children who have visited me during the journey of my life to show me the purity of life. And above all, I would address my biggest thanks to the Source of Everything for creating everything in life, including the life itself that I may experience it. There are lots of things I don't understand (and may be I would never!) but still I ask You: “Tell me those great and unsearchable things I do not know”. 7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………………. i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………………… ……….. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ……………………………………………………………. iii MOTTO PAGE ...……....…………………………………………………. ……… iv DEDICATION PAGE ...…………………………………………………………… v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………….. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………. viii ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………. ……… x ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………………… xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ ……... 1 A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………….. 1 B. Problem Formulation …………………………………………................ 4 C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………. 5 D. Definition of Terms …………………………………………………….. 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ……………………………………… 9 A. Review of Related Study ………………………………………............... 9 B. Review of Related Theories ……………………………………………. 12 1. Character and Characterization ………………………………….12 2. Reader response theory ………………………………………….14 3. Roland Barthes’ Theory of Text ………………………………...14 4. Theory of Intertextuality ………………………………………...15 5. Misogyny in Literature ………………………………………… 16 C. Biographical Background ……………………………………………… 18 D. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………….19 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………... 21 A. Object of the Study ……………………………………………………...21 B. Approach of the Study …………………………………………………. 25 C. Method of the Study …………………………………………………… 26 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………….28 Female Antagonists in The Chronicles of Narnia and the Depiction ………………28 of Male Antagonists in Re-examining the Assumption that the novels are Misogynistic 1. Depictions of Female Antagonists in The Chronicles of …..…...29 Narnia a. The White Witch ………………………………………..29 b. Mrs. Le Fay ……………………………………………..33 8 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. Lilith ………………………………………………….. ..34 d. Queen Prunaprismia ……………………………………..35 e. Susan Pevensie …………………………………………. 36 f. The Lady of the Green Kirtle …………………………. 39 2. Portrayals of male antagonists in The Chronicles of Narnia …. .. 40 in Re-examining the chronicles as Misogynistic a. Digory Kirke …………………………………………… 40 b. Uncle Andrew …………………………………………. 41 c. Edmund Pevensie ………………………………………. 42 d. Rabadash and Tisroc ………………………………….. 43 e. King Miraz ……………………………………………. 45 f. Eustace Scrubb ……………………………………….. .. 45 g. Shift the ape …………………………………………... 46 B. Re-examining the Assumption that The Chronicles of Narnia are ………………47 Misogynistic by looking at the Female Antagonists as the Products of Literary Recycling 1. Literary Allusions recycled in The Chronicles’ female…………47 antagonists h. Jadis ……………………………………………………. 48 i. Lilith …………………………………………………… 52 j. Mrs. Le Fay …………………………………………… 53 k. Queen Prunaprismia …………………………………… 54 l. Susan Pevensie ………………………………………… 56 m. The Lady of the Green Kirtle …………………………. .57 2. Images of Women as Literary Recycling in Re-examining………60 the Assumption that The Chronicles of Narnia are Misogynistic a. Eve and Lilith on the Image of Women ………………… 60 b. Serpent and the Image of Women ……………………….62 c. Witchcraft and the Image of Women ……………………63 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………………. 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………...70 9 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Margareth Aritonang (2007), A Re-Examination that Female Antagonists are Representations of Misogyny in C. S Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia, Yogyakarta: English Letters Study Programme, Sanata Dharma University. This thesis examines the portrayal of female antagonists in the seven books of C. S Lewis’s The Cronicles of Narnia which is assumed as the representations of Misogyny or of hatred towards women. Many critics have undertaken research on the ‘negative’ depiction of female characters in the chronicles, and make the assumption that either the novels or Lewis as the writer is misogynist. This thesis focuses on the portrayal of the female antagonists in the novels and their literary allusions. The examination is done by analyzing each of the females who are considered antagonists in the novels according to their chronological appearance. Portrayal of several male antagonists who are considered major characters is also provided in scrutinizing the textual balance of depiction of antagonist characters, both female and male. The examination later continues by examining literary allusions from other works of literature which are found within the female antagonists in the chronicles. Finally it addresses the images of women from the Bible which has been inspiring numbers of literary works, including the Narnian chronicles. An intertextual approach is used to analyze these novels. This approach helps the writer to re examine the resemblances between literary figures in dealing with certain references they reproduce. At the end of the analysis, it is concluded that the misogynistic accusation leveled at Lewis and his works is still unproven, and therefore is worth re-evaluating. This is due to the number of literary allusions recycled in the Narnian antagonists.