Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.30.348.523 on 1 October 1954. Downloaded from 523 SURGERY OF PEPTIC ULCERATION AND ITS COMPLICATIONS NORMAN C. TANNER, M.D., F.R.C.S. ! Part HI Post-Gastrectomy Conditions year from operation, for the symptoms usually Early post cibal symptoms. I have little to add abate with time and they may diminish even as late to the vast amount which has been written on the as after the third or fourth post-operative years. aetiology of early post cibal symptoms or Flushing and palpitations rarely persist and the 'dumping '-that is symptoms of epigastric symptoms most likely to continue are biliary discomfort, sweating, flushing, palpitation and vomiting, which is not always post-prandial, fatigue, sometimes biliary vomiting, appearing inability to take certain articles of diet with usually shortly after a meal, particularly a heavy comfort, notably milk or egg, and post-prandial meal in patients who have had a gastrectomy. I diarrhoea. Protected by copyright. would, however, suggest that many of the We have used six surgical procedures for symptoms are merely an exaggeration of the persistent symptoms. normal physiological response to over-eating. i. Vagotomy. This was done several years ago The reaction naturally comes sooner in the in the belief that some of the symptoms might gastrectomized, because the capacity for taking have been due to stimulation of vagus nerve food is reduced. Similar symptoms are occas- endings in the suture line. This operation has ionally encountered in persons who have had no produced no benefit in any case (eight altogether). operation, as a form of functional dyspepsia, and 2. Short circuiting the afferent and efferent they may occur in persons who suddenly take a jejunal loops. This is done in the belief that large meal after many hours or days of frugal discomfort is due to stasis of bile in the afferent meals. In prophylaxis, I commend the practice jejunal loop, this belief being supported by the of explanation before the onset of symptoms. relief often obtained when bile is vomited. As the The sudden onset of flushing and palpitation short circuit reduces the volume of biliary fluid during convalescence, shocks the patient and entering the stomach and so increases the risk of http://pmj.bmj.com/ undermines his confidence and leads to ap- stomal ulceration, we usually add a vagotomy. prehension and anxiety. If the patient has been In the earlier four cases a two to three inch long told to expect these symptoms, and reassured that stoma was made, but latterly in two cases we have they will progressively diminish and that they used Steinberg's pantaloon operation, that is do not imply the development of heart or other removing the whole spur between efferent and new trouble-then they are accepted calmly and afferent loops right up to the stomach (Fig i6). are minimized rather than exaggerated. This operation does diminish biliarv vomiting on September 27, 2021 by guest. In treatment, the patient should be advised to and tlhree of the cases were improved. None were resume normal meals as early as possible in made worse by it. order to hasten the time when the organism 3. Conversion to a Roux type of stoma. In the becomes adjusted to the new state of affairs. A Macarthur Lectures which I had the honour to period of recumbency should be taken if the deliver in Edinburgh in 1951, I mentioned the symptoms occur, and the tea-time meal-the great benefit to be obtained by conversion to a time when dumping is usually first complained of, Roux type of anastomosis when there was severe should be made a small, dry, high protein, high fat biliary regurgitation following end in side meal-e.g., boiled egg, bread and butter with oesophago-jejunostomy after total gastrectomy minimal fluid, or abandoned altogether. (Tanner, I95I). I mentioned a simple method of Certain cases are severe enough to require affecting this (Fig. I7). A similar easy method is further surgical help. Surgery for post cibal avaailable following partial gastrectomy,? 1;ut I symptoms should not; be undertaken less than a pointed out that there was a great risk of stomal 524 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October 1954Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.30.348.523 on 1 October 1954. Downloaded from A -1 -ass:IsStfirp4 ||E$J 1. - ..-. q . .f f !i. B I - i l . ss Protected by copyright. FIG. 17.-Simple methods of conversion of (i) total or (2) partial gastrectomy to a Roux form of anasto- C mosis. (Note.-This diagram was also shown in Edin. med. J3. article.) ulceration following and that it must be combined with vagotomy or a very high partial gastrectomy made. In a partial gastrectomy which I con- verted to a Roux form combined with vagotomy in 1950, there was no benefit, and I have since converted him to a Billroth I type of anastomosis.http://pmj.bmj.com/ My colleague, Mr. Andrew Desmond, did two others and there is a suspicion of stomal ulcera- tion in both. 4. Capper and Butler (1951) suggest that D dumping symptoms are due to drag on the oesophagus and lesser curve of the stomach by the weight of the filled stomach and adjacent jejunum, on September 27, 2021 by guest. and suggest stitching up the gastric stump to the left gastric pedicle and to the gastrosplenic omentum, both as a means of prophylaxis and of treatment. We used it nine 'times in prophylaxis, and three times in treatment. One of the latter had temporary relief but relapsed after four months, and two had no relief at all. (Very adequate suspension was later confirmed at a further operation in two cases.) The prophylactic suspension was added in nine cases. Five have FiG. l6.-Operations designed to correct dumping symptoms. B-Conversion to a gastro-duodenal no dumping, two have developed mild post cibal anastomosis. C-Jejuno-jejunostomy. D-The symptoms (one with biliary vomiting), one has 'Pantaloon ' operation. fullness after meals and attacks of diarrhoea and October 1954 TANNER: Surgery of Peptic Ulceration and its Complications 525 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.30.348.523 on 1 October 1954. Downloaded from CONVERSION TO BILLROTH I FOR DUMPING No. followed-up, three month to four years .. .. .. 21 Very satisfactory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Much improved .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Improved .. .. .. 3 I.S.Q . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Worse .. .. .. one has late hypoglycaemic-like attacks. These replacement, probably because the reverse peri- symptoms will probably be transitory, but on stalsis of the colonic loop carries duodenal juices the whole, judging by this very small series there into the stomach. Moroney (i -)has mentioned is no great improvement this point. The jejunal loop might be safer if put 5. Although we found the gastro-duodenal in reverse! A third case was one of ' inability to form of anastomosis after gastrectomy to lead to take big meals and loss of weight,' in a woman nearly as many cases of dumping as the gastro- aged 47. She had already had a high Billroth I jejunal anastomosis, they seemed to be less severe anastomosis for gastric ulceration, and this seemed forms. Consequently, since 1948 we have tried as suitable a case as any for enlarging the stomach the effect of conversion from gastro-jejunal to a by the insertion of a jejunal loop between the gastro-duodenal anastomosis in some 26 cases. stomach and duodenum. She made a good There was an operative death in a man with recovery but her symptoms remain quite un- mitral stenosis, and one patient died since re changed. turning to his home from pulmonary tuberculosis, This small but interesting series of three cases from which he was known to have suffered shows that jejunal replacement is easy to do but previously. Three have less than three months dangerous in view of the risk of post-operative follow up, leaving 21 -cases carried out between ulceration. I believe its main benefit is that it Protected by copyright. three months and four years ago. returns the gastric chyme through the duodenum The three patients not improved by conversion again. This can be done more simply by con- to a Billroth I anastomosis included one who had version to a Billroth I operation. previously had a Roux operation, and one patient To sum up. I am not of the opinion that the who was at first remarkably well, now has con- earlv post-cibal or dumping symptoms are suffi- siderable financial and domestic troubles and ciently frequent or severe enough to cause alarm. relapsed. They can, however, be disturbing in a certain This method can be quite dramatic in its good small group of cases. The severity of the dis- effects. It relieves biliary vomiting and diminishes turbance can be minimized by warning the patient or abolishes diarrhoea. Some patients who were that these attacks are likely to arise for a limited unable to take milk or egg can now take it with space of time. In our own series we found the comfort. It is our only present reasonably satis- attacks less common after the gastro-duodenal and factory solution to the problem. antecolic gastro-jejunal anastomosis, and so we 6. The last method of treatment is by jejunal favour these operations on that account. If the http://pmj.bmj.com/ or colonic replacement of the stomach. We used attacks do develop, it is reasonable to reassure the the jejunal method with considerable doubt and patient, for the severity of the attacks diminishes trepidation in three cases. In two the conversion with time.