U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons International Seapower Symposium Events 9-2016 Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S., "Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings" (2016). International Seapower Symposium. 7. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss/7 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Events at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Seapower Symposium by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPORT OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings 20–23 September 2016 Edited by John B. Hattendorf Ernest J. King Professor Emeritus of Maritime History U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Newport, Rhode Island 2017 Attended by naval and coast guard representatives from 106 nations, the International Seapower Symposium provides live translations of the proceedings for all visitors. Editor’s Note Every attempt has been made by this editor to record a clear and accurate record of the Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium. Through the use of speak- ing notes, transcripts, seminar notes, and tape recordings of the speakers or, when necessary, simultaneous translations, the opinions and views of the participating maritime leaders are recorded in this printed text. Slips of grammar, spelling, and wording have been silently corrected and full names and ranks have been added when omitted by the speaker. Square brackets were used to clarify a word or phrase in the text. A new symposium and editorial policy change is reflected in this volume. In the proceedings of the previous ten symposia, the editor made concerted efforts to identify every speaker by name and nationality. This has continued in this volume, but only for the main presentations. In order to promote a wider discussion of the issues, the organizers announced to participants of this symposium that “The Chatham House Rule” was to be adopted for the discussion periods. This rule specifies that: When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.1 Thus, for the discussion periods transcribed in this volume, the speakers’ names and nationalities have been silently omitted and references to the identity of other speakers in the remarks have also been edited out as much as possible while preserv- ing the meaning of the points being made. In these sections, speakers are identified only as “Question,” “Comment,” “Response A,” “Response B,” etc. The editor acknowledges with great appreciation the valuable support and as- sistance of many people who contributed to the success of this endeavor. Their fine efforts made my job much easier and brought this project to a timely conclusion. Newport J.B.H. February 2017 1. See more at: https:// www.chathamhouse.org/about/chatham-house-rule#sthash.fqQPlmVf.dpuf v September 20, 2016 Greetings and welcome to beautiful Newport, Rhode Island. I am sincerely honored that you have travelled such great distances to join us for the 22nd International Seapower Symposium (ISS-22). I believe you will find this year’s agenda relevant and enlightening, particularly because it is based upon input received from you and our fellow Heads of Navy. In the days ahead, there will surely be many fruitful conversations and I encour- age you to take every advantage of the presence of so many of our partners to discuss issues that are germane to all of us who are dedicated to the safe and open access of the maritime commons. Indeed, as we exchange ideas, discuss operation- al perspectives, and develop new friendships, we will reinforce the foundations of global stability as we become “Stronger Maritime Partners.” I look forward to what we will all learn as we deepen our dialogue to advance our shared interests. Sincerely, J. M. RICHARDSON Admiral, U.S. Navy vi Table of Contents Editor’s Note..........................................................................................v Welcome Letter to Delegates ................................................................vi Plenary Sessions Executive Summary ..............................................................................1 Chapter 1 Welcoming Remarks Rear Admiral Jeffrey A. Harley, U.S. Navy President, U.S. Naval War College Admiral John M. Richardson, U.S. Navy Chief of Naval Operations ............................................................ 7 Chapter 2 Regional Naval Symposium Reports Moderated by Professor Thomas Mangold Dean of International Programs, U.S. Naval War College ....... 13 Indian Ocean Naval Symposium Admiral Sunil Lanba, India ............................................... 14 Inter-American Naval Conference Vice Admiral Ron Lloyd, Canada ...................................... 20 Western Pacific Naval Symposium Admiral Ade Supandi, Indonesia ..................................... 24 Regional Seapower Symposium of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Vice Admiral Valter Girardelli, Italy .................................. 28 Chapter 3 An Address The Honorable Ray Mabus Secretary of the Navy .................................................................. 39 Chapter 4 Global Partnerships: A U.S. Coast Guard Perspective Admiral Paul Zukunft Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard ............................................... 45 Chapter 5 Cooperative Strategies and Interoperability Mr. Chris Trelawny Special Adviser to the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization ............................................................... 59 vii Chapter 6 Panel Discussion One: Cooperative Strategies and Interoperability Moderated by Admiral Christophe Prazuck, France ......................... 75 Panel Members: Vice Admiral Tim Barrett, Australia Admiral Eduardo Leal Ferreira, Brazil Vice Admiral Ibokete Ibas, Nigeria Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah, Pakistan Chapter 7 Utilizing International Law to Enhance Transparency Admiral Nirmal K. Verma, Indian Navy (Ret.) CNO Distinguished International Fellow .................................. 99 Chapter 8 Remarks The Honorable Robert O. Work Deputy Secretary of Defense .................................................... 121 Chapter 9 Panel Discussion Two: International Norms and Standards Moderated by Rear Admiral Lars Saunes, Norway .......................... 131 Panel Members: Captain Sten Sepper, Estonia Rear Admiral Kofi Faidoo, Ghana Rear Admiral John Martin, New Zealand Rear Admiral Lai Chung Han, Singapore Rear Admiral Lars Saunes, Norway Chapter 10 Presentation of the Hattendorf Prize for Distinguished Original Research in Maritime History Awarded to Captain Werner Rahn, German Navy (Ret.) ................ 155 Chapter 11 Cybersecurity’s Role in Maritime Operations Dr. James Lewis Senior Vice President and Program Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies ....................... 163 Chapter 12 Regional Breakout Group Reports Moderated by Professor Thomas Mangold Dean of International Programs, U.S. Naval War College ..... 181 Indian Ocean–Gulf of Aden–Arabian Sea–Red Sea Region Vice Admiral Ravi Wijegunaratne, Sri Lanka ................. 181 Atlantic Ocean Admiral Luís Fragoso, Portugal ....................................... 184 viii Mediterranean Sea–Black Sea–Caspian Sea Region Rear Admiral Mitko Petev, Bulgaria ................................ 186 Norwegian Sea–North Sea–Baltic Sea Region Rear Admiral Miroslaw Mordel, Poland.......................... 189 Chapter 13 Closing Remarks Admiral John M. Richardson, U.S. Navy Chief of Naval Operations ........................................................ 203 * * * Appendix A Stronger Maritime Families: Spouse Leadership Course Brief .......209 Appendix B List of Delegates ..............................................................................231 Covers are stowed in Spruance Lobby as guests networked during the Chief of Naval Operations Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium (ISS) at U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. Approximately two- hundred senior officers and civilians from 106 countries, including many of the senior-most officers from those coun- tries’ navies and coast guards, attended the biennial event on September 20–23. ix Executive Summary This is a report of the Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium, attended by heads of navies and coast guards from more than half of the world—the largest gathering of naval leaders in the world. The theme of the symposium was “Stron- ger Maritime Partners,” and its mission was to “further build the relationships that engender global solutions to complex maritime issues,” as stated by Rear Admiral Jeffrey A. Harley, President of the U.S. Naval War College. Chapter 1 Welcoming Remarks “The need for this forum is more urgent than ever,” stated Admiral John M. Rich- ardson, Chief of Naval Operations. He added that “in a world in which the pace of operations is increasing rapidly, it’s tremendously important that we build trust