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NVINOSHimS S3iyViJan LIBRARIES a> ^ ^ z . c/) 2 _ z > t^^^^^^N^ — *%< ^ ja^ ' — — •- — -^ J^ z to Z C/7 NoiiniusNi /iNOSHims S3iavaan — libraries Smithsonian institution •-» CO CO = CO ' _J z VIITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHimS S3 I H Vd 3 n_ L I B R AR I ES z o ^Cc L ^LSSI UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 202 FISHES OF THE MARSHALL AND MARIANAS ISLANDS BY LEONARD P. SCHULTZ AND COLLABORATORS: LOREN P. WOODS AND ERNEST A. LACHNER VOLUME 3 Families Kraemeriidae through Antennariidae ^^\*n\ ,<s<» /OKI SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 202 FISHES OF THE MARSHALL AND MARIANAS ISLANDS BY LEONARD P. SCHULTZ AND COLLABORATORS: LOREN P. WOODS AND ERNEST A. LACHNER VOLUME 3 Families from Kraemeriidae through Antennariidae I yemm mar -9 666 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scholarly and scientific pubhcations of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series the Museum publishes original articles and mono- graphs dealing with the collections and work of its constituent Museums-—the Museum of Natural History and the Museum of History and Technology-—setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of Anthropology, Biology, History, Geology, and Technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries, to cultural and technical organizations, and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers from the Museum of Natural History. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected w^orks on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum of Natural History have been published in the Bulletin series under the subseries Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Since 1959, in Bulletins titled "Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology," have been gathered shorter papers relating to the collections and research of that Museum. This work forms number 202, volume 3 of the Bulletin series. Frank A. Taylor Director, United States National Museum U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OflSce Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price ?2.25 (paper) CONTENTS Authorship of sections prepared by collaborators other than Leonard P. Schultz is indicated after the name of the group for which they are responsible. The appearance of my name as second author indicates that I furnished the ecological data and assisted in other ways but did not write major portions of the manuscript. Page Introduction vii Phylum Chordata—Continued Subphylum Craniata—Continued Superclass Gnathostomata—Continued Class Osteichthyes—Continued Subclass Teleostomi—Continued Superorder Teleosteica—Continued Order Percomorphida 1 Suborder Gobiina 1 Superfamily Gobioidea 1 Family Kraemeriidae 5 Genus Kraemeria Stein- dachner 6 Kraemenciis, new genus. 8 Family Microdesmidae 9 Gunnellichthys Bleeker. 10 Allomicrodesmus, new genus 12 Suborder Cottina ( = Scleroparei) 13 Family Scorpaenidae: Scorpion- fishes 13 Subfamily Taenianotinae 20 Genus Taenianotus Lacepede 20 Subfamily Ptcroiinae 21 Genus Pterois Cuvier 21 Genus Brachirus Swain- son 24 Subfamily Scorpaeninae 27 Genus Sebastapistes Gill. 27 Genus Scorpaenopsis Meckel 33 Genus Scorpaenodes Bleeker 35 Genus Hypomacrus Evermann and Scale 39 Subfamily Sy nanceinae 42 Genus Synanceia Bloch and Schneider 42 SM1THS0^! rTll'rlr\^l lAP 9lQf?^ IV CONTENTS Phylum Chordata—Continued Page Subphylum Craniata—Continued Superclass Gnathostomata—Continued Class Osteichthyes—Continued Subclass Teleostomi—Continued Superorder Teleosteica—Continued Order Percomorphida—Continued Suborder Cottina—Continued Family Caracanthidae 43 Genus Caracanthus Kr0yer 43 Family Platycephalidae: Flat- heads 45 Genus Wakiyus Jordan and Hubbs 49 Genus Thysanophrys Ogilby 52 Order Pleuronectida ( = Heterosomata) 62 Suborder Psettodina 62 Family Bothidae (by Loren P. Woods) 62 Genus Bothus Rafines- que 63 Genus Arnoglossus Bleeker 65 Family Pleuronectidae (by Loren P. Woods) 66 Genus Samariscus Gilbert 66 Suborder Soleina 68 Family Soleidae (by Loren P. Woods) 68 Genus Aesopza Kaup 69 Genus Aseraggodes Kaup 70 Order Echeneida 74 Family Echeneidae: Diskfishes (by Ernest A. Lachner) 74 Genus Echeneis Lin- naeus 76 Genus Remora Gill 78 Order Plectognathida 80 Suborder Balistina 80 Family Aluteridae (by Loren P. Woods) 80 G^e nus Pervagor Whitley 83 Genus Paramonacanthus Bleeker 89 Genus Amanses Gray-.. 91 Genus Oxymonacanthus Bleeker 95 CONTENTS V Phylum Chordata—Continued Page Subphylum Craniata—Continued Superclass Gnathostomata—-Continued Class Osteichthyes—-Continued Subclass Teleostomi—Continued Superorder Teleosteica—Continued Order Plectognathida—Continued Suborder Balistina—Continued Family Aluteridae—Continued Genus Brachaluteres Bleeker 97 Genus P araluter es Bleeker 98 Genus Alutera Oken 99 Family Balistidae (by Loren P. Woods) 100 Genus Canlhidermis Swainson 104 Genus (Sw^awen Jordan. 105 Genus Balistoides Fraser-Brunner 108 Genus Pseudobalistes Bleeker 110 Genus Melichthys Swainson 112 Genus Balistapus Tilesius 112 Genus Rhinecanthus Swainson 113 Family Ostraciontidae (by Loren P. Woods) 116 Genus Ostracion Lin- naeus 116 Genus Lactoria Jordan and Fowler 119 Suborder Tetraodontina 121 Family Canthigasteridae (by Loren P. Woods) 121 Genus Canthigaster Swainson 121 Family Tetraodontidae (by Loren P. Woods and Leonard P. SCHULTZ) 128 Genus Arothron Miiller. 128 Suborder Diodontina 136 Family Diodontidae (by Loren P. Woods) 136 Genus Dzodon Linnaeus. 136 Order Gobiesocida (=Xenopterygii) 137 Family Gobiesocidae 137 Genus Liobranchia Briggs 137 VI CONTENTS Phylum Chordata—Continued Page Subphylum Craniata—Continued Superclass Gnathostomata—Continued Class Osteichthyes—Continued Subclass Teleostomi—Continued Superorder Teleosteica—Continued Order Antennariida. Family Antennariidae : Anglers; Frogfishes 138 Genus Trichophryne McCulloch and Waite 144 Genus Antennarius Lacepede 145 Addenda 147 Index 167 INTRODUCTION By Leonard P. Schultz This is the third and final volume of U.S. National Museum Bulletin 202, "Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands." The first volume was published on December 15, 1953, and the second on May 11, 1960. A list of fish collecting stations, maps, and other information perti- nent to the use of volume 3 were published in volume 1. The manuscripts for volumes 2 and 3 were completed in 1954, except for the family Gobiidae, including its various subfamilies of eleotriids and gobiids. These are under study b}^ Dr. Ernest A. Lach- ner, who will report on them in a separate publication. FISHES OF THE MARSHALL AND MARIANAS ISLANDS Volume 3 Order PERCOMORPHIDA Suborder Gobiina Superfamily Gobioidea By Leonard P. Schultz Authors who have studied the numerous genera of gobiid fishes indicate that this group contains an assemblage of rather diverse genera (Herre, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 345-347, 1954). The Gobiidae may be recognized by about 5 or 6 feeble dorsal spines, then a slightly wider space, followed by the second dorsal with a single feeble spine and about 7 to 32 soft rays. The anal fin origin is opposite the second dorsal and is composed of a single feeble spine and about 7 to 32 rays. The pelvies have 1 spine and 3 to 5 soft rays inserted under or nearly under the pectoral fin base. One out- standing characteristic is that the inner rays of the pelvics are the longest and are sometimes connected by a membrane running along their inner edges. In certain intermediate