DRAFT FOR REVIEW – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION, REPRODUCTION OR QUOTATION 1 2 This is a draft for review. The data, material and messages contained in this draft may not be republished, 3 displayed, distributed, or transmitted in any manner, nor may the material, or portion thereof, be copied or 4 posted on any other website or network or otherwise distributed, quoted or cited.The report will be revised in 5 light of review comments, and also updated to take into account additional material from the sixth national 6 reports. The figures will be redrawn and simplified. 7 8 DRAFT 9 Fifth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-5) 10 11 Table of contents 12 SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS……………………………………………………………..…...…..3 13 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………..…...…..9 14 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 15 Background and context .................................................................................................................................. 10 16 Climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals ............................................................................... 13 17 IPBES and additional sources.......................................................................................................................... 15 18 2. BIODIVERSITY IN 2020 ........................................................................................................................ 17 19 The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: a target by target summary of achievement for 2020 .................................. 17 20 Target 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 21 Target 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 22 Target 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 23 Target 5 ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 24 Target 6 ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 25 Target 7 ............................................................................................................................................................ 45 26 Target 8 ............................................................................................................................................................ 49 27 Target 9 ............................................................................................................................................................ 52 28 Target 10 .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 29 Target 11 .......................................................................................................................................................... 59 30 Target 12 .......................................................................................................................................................... 65 31 Target 13 .......................................................................................................................................................... 70 32 Target 14 .......................................................................................................................................................... 73 33 Target 15 .......................................................................................................................................................... 76 34 Target 16 .......................................................................................................................................................... 78 35 Target 17 .......................................................................................................................................................... 81 36 Target 18 .......................................................................................................................................................... 83 37 Target 19 .......................................................................................................................................................... 85 38 Target 20 .......................................................................................................................................................... 90 39 Taking stock: overall trends from the indicators and other sources of information ........................................ 92 40 3. TRANSITIONS TO A BETTER FUTURE ........................................................................................... 99 41 Interpreting the Vision – what does ‘living in harmony with Nature’ look like? ............................................ 99 42 Pathways to the Vision: it’s not too late to get there ..................................................................................... 102 43 Key transitions ............................................................................................................................................... 107 44 The land and forests transition....................................................................................................................... 109 45 The sustainable agriculture transition ............................................................................................................ 111 46 The sustainable food transition ...................................................................................................................... 113 1 DRAFT FOR REVIEW – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION, REPRODUCTION OR QUOTATION 1 The sustainable fisheries transition ................................................................................................................ 114 2 The sustainable cities transition ..................................................................................................................... 116 3 The sustainable fresh water transition ........................................................................................................... 118 4 The sustainable climate action transition ....................................................................................................... 121 5 4. CONCLUSION: FACING UP TO AN EMERGENCY ...................................................................... 122 6 7 8 2 DRAFT FOR REVIEW – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION, REPRODUCTION OR QUOTATION 1 1 Summary for policy makers 2 3 Overview 4 5 Humanity stands at a crossroads with regard to the legacy we wish to leave to future generations. 6 Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, and the pressures driving this decline are each 7 intensifying. None of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets will be fully met, in turn threatening the achievement of 8 the Sustainable Development Goals. 9 10 Nevertheless, reports provided by the world’s governments, as well as other sources of evidence, reveal 11 examples of progress which, if scaled up, can support the type of transformative changes necessary to 12 achieve the vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050. A number of transitions pointing the way to the 13 type of changes required are already in evidence, albeit in limited areas of activity. Examining how such 14 transitions can be replicated and built on, will be critical to using the short window available to make our 15 collective vision for living in harmony with nature a reality. 16 17 Options are available to the global community that simultaneously halt and ultimately reverse biodiversity 18 loss, limit climate change and improve our capacity to adapt to it, and meet other goals such as improved 19 food security. 20 21 These pathways to a sustainable future rely on recognizing that bold, interdependent actions are needed 22 across a number of fronts, each of which is necessary and none of which is sufficient on its own to achieve 23 these multiple goals. This mix of actions includes greatly stepping up efforts to conserve and restore 24 biodiversity; addressing climate change in ways that limit global temperature rise without imposing 25 unintended additional pressures on biodiversity; and transforming the way in which we produce, consume 26 and sustainably trade goods and services, most particularly food, that rely on and have an impact on 27 biodiversity. 28 29 Navigating the available pathways to the global vision involves consideration of all the multiple aspects of 30 our relationship with nature and the importance we attach to it. Solutions need to seek an integrated approach 31 that simultaneously addresses the conservation of the planet’s genetic diversity, species and habitats; the 32 capacity of nature to deliver material benefits to human societies; and the less tangible but highly-valued 33 connections with nature that help to define our identities, cultures and beliefs. 34 35 Finding solutions that address all the varying values we attach to nature is challenging, but the rewards are 36 great. Well-considered actions will produce