Japan’s Challenges Towards Recovery May 23, 2011 The Mission of Japan to the European Union PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Table of Contents A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident) 1. Damage 2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance 3. Nuclear Power Stations B. Key Challenges 1. Cool Down of the Reactors 2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances (sea, soil and atmosphere) 3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring 4. Ensure the Safety of Food, Products, On-site Workers, Ports and Airports C. Impact on Japanese Economy 1. Estimated Economic Damage of the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake and Plan for Reconstruction 2. Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan D. Information sharing and cooperation with the international community 1. Cooperation with International Organizations 2. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information PDF3. Presscompression, Release OCR, by web International optimization usingOrganizations a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor1 A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident) 1. Damage 2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance 3. Nuclear Power Stations PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor2 Great Support of the International Community Japan deeply appreciates the assistance offered from 156 countries and regions and 41 international organizations Rescue teams were sent from 28 countries, regions and international US Navy/US Pacific Command organizations (Operation Tomodachi) (As of May 19th) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor3 A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident) Earthquakes: M - 9.0 quake (March 11) M - 7 class 5 times M - 6 class 71 times M - 5 class 380 times (As of May 16th) TOKYO■ Fukushima Dai-ichi PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor4 1. Damage Casualties : over 29,000 ・Dead ： over 15,000 ・Missing ： over 9,000 ・Injured over 5,000 Evacuees : over 115,000 (As of May 17th) KYODO NEWS KYODO NEWS PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluationNOAA/US copy Dept of Commerce,of CVISION http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/ PDFCompressor5 2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance Ministry of Defense KYODO NEWS Ministry of Defense Ministry of Defense PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor6 3. Nuclear Power Stations Nuclear Reactors near Epicenter of the Earthquake 4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units automatic cold shut down shut down Onagawa Unit 1 524 MW, 1984- Unit 2 825 MW, 1995- Unit 3 825 MW, 2002- Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 460 MW, 1971- Unit 2 784 MW, 1974- Unit 3 784 MW, 1976- Unit 4 784 MW, 1978- Unit 5 784 MW, 1978- Periodical inspection Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979- Fukushima Dai-ni Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982- Unit 2 1,100 MW, 1984- Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985- Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987- Tokai Dai-ni Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978- PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor7 3. Nuclear Power Stations Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Before the Earthquake and Tsunamis After the Earthquake and Tsunamis TEPCO Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor8 3. Nuclear Power Stations Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Cause of the Damage Huge Tsunami Grid Line 46 Meter 46 Meter ① Loss of off-site power due to the earthquake Reactor Building GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy About About Turbine 40M 20M Building Tsunami (estimated 14m) Diesel Generator Breakwater 5.4 ~5.7m ② Diesel generator inoperable Elevation: due to the tsunami about 10m Seawater level PDF compression,All OCR,motor web operated optimization pumps using including a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor ECCS became inoperable Seawater Pump 9 4. Nuclear Power Stations Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS Fukushima Dai-ni NPS 20 km radius of the plant and other designated areas → no-entry zone, planned evacuation zone Designated areas of 30km radius of the plant (as a general rule) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization→ emergency using a watermarked evacuation evaluation preparation copy of CVISION area PDFCompressor10 B. Key Challenges 1. Cool Down of the Reactors 2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances (sea, soil and atmosphere) 3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring 4. Ensure the Safety of Food, Products, and On-site Workers, Ports and Airports PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor11 1. Cool Down of the Reactors (As of May 19th) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Type / MW / Commercial Operation BWR / 460 / Mar 71- BWR / 784 / Jul 74- BWR / 784 / Mar 76- BWR / 784 / Oct 78- Status at time of Earthquake In Operation In Operation In Operation Periodical Inspection Outage Automatic Shutdown － Fresh Water Injection － Water Level [mm] Down Scale (A) -1,500 (A) -1,850(A) － (distance from the top of fuel) -1,750 (B) -2,100 (B) -2,300 (B) R P 0.621 (A)* 0.083(A)* 0.003 (A)* Reactor Pressure[Mpa] － V 1.499 (B)* 0.083 (D)* 0.007 (C)* Temperature 93.1 ℃* 113.2℃ 108.9 ℃* －Feedwater Nozzle － －Bottom Head of RPV 83.4 ℃ N/A 123.8 ℃ S Fresh Water Injection F Temperature P - 70℃ - - Building Damaged Slightly Damaged Damaged Damaged AC Power (Lighting of Central Operation Room**) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor *Under monitoring of the change of the situation. 12 Other Nuclear Power Stations in the Tohoku Area Onagawa (3 Units) All units (Units 1-3) were immediately Onagawa shut down automatically, then safely went into cold Fukushima Dai-ichi shutdown. Fukushima Dai-ni Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc Tokai Dai-ni Fukushima Dai-ni (4 Units) Tokai Dai-ni (1 Unit) All units (Units 1-4) The unit was were immediately immediately shut shut down down automatically, automatically, then then safely went to safely went to cold cold shut down. shut down. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISIONThe Japan PDFCompressor Atomic Power Company TEPCO 13 Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances (sea, soil and atmosphere) The Japanese Government and TEPCO are making the utmost efforts to prevent the dispersion of flow-out radioactive contaminated water. Locking in radioactive materials Unit 1 by spraying synthetic resin Major Events Unit 2 ・Apr. 2 Radioactive waste Unit 3 Highly contaminated water treatment facility discovered leaking into the sea. Unit 4 ・Apr. 6 Leak of contaminated water into the sea was stopped. ・Apr. 12 Transfer of stagnant water in the trench of Unit2 to the condenser started. ・Apr. 14 Silt fence was installed to block the spread of contaminated water. Megafloat Contaminated ・Apr. 19 water leak stopped Transfer of stagnant water in the Silt fence to block spread trench of Unit 2 to the radioactive of contaminated water waste treatment facilities started. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor14 2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances (Preventing the Spread of Water) (As of May 7th) Silt fences, steel plates, and sandbags with radioactive-substance absorption material have been installed to contain the spread of radioactive water. The Japanese Government and TEPCO carefully monitor seawater. ：Monitoring Locations by TEPCO ：Monitoring Locations by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) (As of May 7th) 30km 20km Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 15km Silt fences (Installed on 4/14) Steel plate (Installed on 4/15) Sandbags (Installed on 4/17) Sandbags containing Zeolite (Preparing) Steel sheet pile (Under Planning) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 15 2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances (sea, soil and atmosphere) Experts are making the utmost efforts to prevent dispersing radioactive substances contained in dust, debris and vapor. Spraying synthetic materials on the surface of the ground and debris to prevent radioactive substances dispersion PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor TEPCO 16 3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring TEPCO monitors radioactivity levels every 10 minutes and releases the results immediately. Radioactivity levels rose on March 15th, but have since fallen and remain low. Monitoring posts and the readings at the Environmental Radioactivity Level Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS (μSv/h) Measurement point: （μSv/h） Explosion in Unit2 Main Gate (1.0km from Unit2) Unit 1~6 12,000 or West Gate (1.1km from Unit2) White smoke Near West Gate from Unit3 21.0 μSv/h 4,000 Grayish smoke from Unit3 2,000 0 Main Gate 53.0 μSv/h （as of 10:00 April 25th, 2011） TEPCO PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor17 Readings at ReadingsMonitoring at Posts Monitoring out of Fukushima Posts Dai-ichi NPS out of Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS μSv/hour (As of May 16th) Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS Fukushima Dai-ni NPS PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Ministry