ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GIANT HOGWEED (Heracleum mantegazzianum) This page intentionally left blank ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GIANT HOGWEED (Heracleum mantegazzianum) Edited by P. Pys˘ek Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Botany, Pru˚honice, Czech Republic M.J.W. Cock CABI Switzerland Centre Delémont, Switzerland W. Nentwig Community Ecology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland H.P. Ravn Forest and Landscape, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm, Denmark CABI is a trading name of CAB International CAB International Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CABI 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 206 0 Typeset by MRM Graphics Ltd, Winslow, Bucks. Printed and bound in the UK by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead. Contents Contributors ix Acknowledgement xiii Preface: All You Ever Wanted to Know About Hogweed, but xv Were Afraid to Ask! David M. Richardson 1 Taxonomy, Identification, Genetic Relationships and 1 Distribution of Large Heracleum Species in Europe S˘árka Jahodová, Lars Fröberg, Petr Pys˘ek, Dmitry Geltman, Sviatlana Trybush and Angela Karp 2 Heracleum mantegazzianum in its Primary Distribution 20 Range of the Western Greater Caucasus Annette Otte, R. Lutz Eckstein and Jan Thiele 3 Historical Dynamics of Heracleum mantegazzianum 42 Invasion at Regional and Local Scales Petr Pys˘ek, Jana Müllerová and Vojte˘ch Jaros˘ík 4 Reproductive Ecology of Heracleum mantegazzianum 55 Irena Perglová, Jan Pergl and Petr Pys˘ek 5 Seed Germination, Dispersal and Seed Bank in 74 Heracleum mantegazzianum Lenka Moravcová, Petr Pys˘ek, Lukás˘ Krinke, Jan Pergl, Irena Perglová and Ken Thompson v vi Contents 6 Population Dynamics of Heracleum mantegazzianum 92 Jan Pergl, Jörg Hüls, Irena Perglová, R. Lutz Eckstein, Petr Pys˘ek and Annette Otte 7 Regeneration Ability of Heracleum mantegazzianum 112 and Implications for Control Petr Pys˘ek, Irena Perglová, Lukás˘ Krinke, Vojte˘ch Jaros˘ík, Jan Pergl and Lenka Moravcová 8 Ecological Needs, Habitat Preferences and Plant 126 Communities Invaded by Heracleum mantegazzianum Jan Thiele, Annette Otte and R. Lutz Eckstein 9 Impact of Heracleum mantegazzianum on Invaded 144 Vegetation and Human Activities Jan Thiele and Annette Otte 10 Seed Ecology of Heracleum mantegazzianum and 157 H. sosnowskyi, Two Invasive Species with Different Distributions in Europe Lenka Moravcová, Zigmantas Gudz˘inskas, Petr Pys˘ek, Jan Pergl and Irena Perglová 11 Herbivorous Arthropods on Heracleum 170 mantegazzianum in its Native and Invaded Distribution Range Steen O. Hansen, Jan Hattendorf, Charlotte Nielsen, Ruediger Wittenberg and Wolfgang Nentwig 12 Fungal Pathogens Associated with Heracleum 189 mantegazzianum in its Native and Invaded Distribution Range Marion K. Seier and Harry C. Evans 13 Defence Systems of Heracleum mantegazzianum 209 Jan Hattendorf, Steen O. Hansen and Wolfgang Nentwig 14 Mechanical and Chemical Control of Heracleum 226 mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi Charlotte Nielsen, Ineta Vanaga, Olga Treikale and Ilze Priekule 15 Control of Heracleum mantegazzianum by Grazing 240 Rita Merete Buttenschøn and Charlotte Nielsen 16 The Scope for Biological Control of Giant Hogweed, 255 Heracleum mantegazzianum Contents vii Matthew J.W. Cock and Marion K. Seier 17 Revegetation as a Part of an Integrated Management 272 Strategy for Large Heracleum species Hans Peter Ravn, Olga Treikale, Ineta Vanaga and Ilze Priekule 18 Model-assisted Evaluation of Control Strategies for 284 Heracleum mantegazzianum Nana Nehrbass and Eckart Winkler 19 Master of All Traits: Can We Successfully Fight Giant 297 Hogweed? Petr Pys˘ek, Matthew J.W. Cock, Wolfgang Nentwig and Hans Peter Ravn Index 313 This page intentionally left blank Contributors Rita Merete Buttenschøn Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Kvak Møllevej 31, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +45-35281512 Matthew J.W. Cock CABI Switzerland Centre, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +41-32-4214871 R. Lutz Eckstein Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; e-mail: Lutz. [email protected], fax: +49-641-9937169 Harry C. Evans CABI UK Centre (Ascot), Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7TA, UK; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +44-1491-829123 Lars Fröberg Botanical Museum, Lund University, Östra Vallgatan 18, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden; e-mail: [email protected] Dmitry Geltman Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Prof. Popov Street, 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Zigmantas Gudz˘inskas ˘ Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Flora and Geobotany, Zaliujuc c cc Ez˘eru Str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; e-mail: [email protected] Steen O. Hansen Community Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; fax: +41-31-631-4888 ix x Contributors Jan Hattendorf Community Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; fax: +41-31-631- 4888 Jörg Hüls Department of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE-35392 Giessen, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] S˘árka Jahodová Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Vinic˘ná 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] (Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic) Vojte˘ch Jaros˘ík Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinic˘ná 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] (Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Z-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic) Angela Karp Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK; e-mail: [email protected] Lukás˘ Krinke Museum of Local History, Zádus˘ní 1841, CZ-27280, Kladno, Czech Republic Lenka Moravcová Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +420-267750031 Jana Müllerová Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +420-267750031 Nana Nehrbass UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Ecological Modelling, Leipzig, Germany; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +49-341-235-3500 Wolfgang Nentwig Community Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +41-31-631-4888 Charlotte Nielsen Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +45-3528-1517 Contributors xi Annette Otte Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +49-641-9937169 Jan Pergl Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +420- 267750031 Irena Perglová Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +420-267750031 Ilze Priekule Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre, Lielva¯rdes iela 36/38, Riga LV- 1006, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +371-7551-226 Petr Pys˘ek Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +420- 267750031 (Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinic˘ná 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic) Hans Peter Ravn Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +45-3528-1517 Marion K. Seier CABI UK Centre (Ascot), Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7TA, UK; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +44-1491-829123 Jan Thiele Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; e-mail: [email protected], fax: +49-641-9937169 Ken Thompson Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; e-mail: ken.thompson@sheffield.ac.uk Olga Treikale Latvian Plant Protection Research