1 Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) Dr. Shelly Moorman-Stahlman; [email protected]; 11/8/2013 1685 Born in Naples, sixth of ten children; Father, Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725), maestro di cappella at court of Naples, previously well known composer of opera and cantata in Rome 1701 Vice-regal Chapel in Naples 1703-4 Took over senior position from father 1705-1709 Travelled to Venice 1708 Challenge with Handel at home of Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome 1709-1719 Travels in Rome; Composed operas for Queen of Poland who was exiled in Rome 1714-19 Maestro di cappella at Cappella Guilia in the Vatican 1719 Worked for Portuguese court in Lisbon, Portugal; Carlos Seixas and Maria Barbara are pupils 1728 Married first wife whom he met during a visit to Rome 1729 Moved with Maria Barbara to Madrid Spain and worked for Royal Court 1729 Court in Seville 1733 Court in Madrid 1738 First publication of 30 sonatas, Essercizi per gravicembalo 1738 Became a Knight 1739 First wife died (they had 5 children) 1742 Married second wife, a Spaniard (had 4 children together) 1757 Died July 23 in Madrid Major Figures in Spain Philip V and Elisabetta Farnese Maria Barbara married Prince of Asturia who later became Ferdinand VI Farinelli, famous castrato, employed and sang for King; 22 years at court 5 Florentine pianos listed in 1758 inventory of Queen Maria Barbara’s instruments Maria Barbara (1711-1758) Born Dec. 4 to King John V of Portugal and his wife, Maria anna, Archduchess of Austria. She was seven years old when Scarlatti arrived in Portugal 12 years old when Scarlatti became her teacher, 17 years old when married 27 years old when made queen of Spain, Devoted her life to music Appreciated Scarlatti’s talent (paid his gambling debts; bequeathed her ring to Scarlatti family) 2 Characteristics of Scarlatti’s Music Form: Binary form: first half moves from Tonic to dominant and second half goes D-T Equal lengths Harmonic language influenced by music of Andalusia Unusual harmonies based on contrapuntal lines Repeated chord Chromaticism Minor/major Phrygian based with raised 3rd (E, F, G#, A, B, C, D, E); Hovers around G-G# Influenced by Folk music of Seville, Granada, Cadiz, Madrid Accacciatura, the 'simultaneous mordent' Use of dances Stylized dances of gavotte, gigas, minuets Boleros, siciliano, tarantella Penteneras-flamenco danced and sung Canarios-old quick dance from Canary Islands Fandango-Spanish dance with strongly marked ¾ rhythm Seguidilla-Spanish dance and song in quick ¾ Jota-Rapid strong and energetic steps, closely related to fandango Guitar music Strumming of chords Rapid repeated notes Technical demands Large melodic leaps (prepare but don’t play leap; do 2 octaves instead of one) Hand crossing Repeated note melodies (321 or 4321) Driving rhythms Slur markings-usually over short groups of notes, suggestive of violin bowing Musical demands Sequences should not be played exactly the same Short repeated melodic ideas should have variety Contrasting sections Sonatas for organ K. 287/288 287 has title “for organ”; both have changes of manuals designated K. 328 Designates “org” and “fl” K. 254/255 denoted by Kirkpatrick but probably not; Tortorilla refers to turtle-dove’s call of f#gd 3 SOURCES: No original manuscripts Two sources: Copies made in Venice between 1742-1757 and the Parma manuscripts from end of life 1906: Allesandro Longo; grouped into suites 1953 Ralph Kirkpatrick; grouped into pairs and sometimes three; chronological order SCARLATTI EXAMPLES TO BE PLAYED LEVEL 3 Aria, K. 32 RS, FH1 Minuet, K. 34 RS, FH1, BL Minuet, K. 40 RS, FH1 Sonata, K. 73b BL, FH1 (designation “piano” used) Minuetto in A, K. 83 RS, FH1 Sonata in G, K. 431 BL LEVEL 4 and 5 Sonata in G, K. 63 RS, BL Sonata in A, K. 74 RS, A2 Sonata in CM, K. 95 BL, RS Sonata in EM, K. 163 RS, EH2 Sonata in AM, K. 209 AI, BU2 Sonata in d minor, K. 213 BU2, RS2 Sonata in A, K. 322 RS, FH1 Sonata in DM, K. 512 RS Sonata in B Flat, K. 529 BL LEVEL 6 and 7 Sonata in dm, K. 1 BU, FH2 Sonata in dm, K. 9 Henle, BL, BU, RS3, FH1 4 Sonata in GM, K. 35 BL 16 Sonata in fm, K. 69 BU Sonata in cm, K. 84 Schirmer Sonata in EM, K. 380 Henle, FH2, RS3, BL, A1 Sonata, K. 443 BU4 Sonata in DM, K. 490 A2, BU4, S2, Saeta Sonata in d minor, K. 492 BU4, A2, S2 Sonata in Am, K. 532 100:3, BU4 LEVEL 8 Sonata in AM, K. 24 BU Sonata in DM, K. 27 BU; compare with Sonata in G, K. 14, FH2 Sonata in DM, K. 96 BU; FH2, S1 Sonata in AM, K. 113 BU, FH2 Toccata in dm, K. 141 BU EDITIONS: A=Alfred; Scarlatti Sonatas for the Keyboard; edited by Maurice Hinson; Volume I and II (Phrasing, articulation, fingering suggestions all included within the text. Ornamentation included as footnotes) BL=Blickinstaff; Scarlatti: 25 Selected Sonatas; Edited by LeAnn House; General Editor Marvin Blickinstaff; Fisher Pub. (Only fingerings included; all editorial suggestions are included at the back of the book) BU=Budapest; 200 Sonatas in 4 Volumes. Gyorgy Balla/Editio Musica Budapest; Urtext (Band I-IV) FH=Frederick Harris Musc; Celebrate Scarlatti: Selected Sonatas with Notes for Study and Performance EH=Eiji Hashimoto, edited and annotated. Domenico Scarlatti: Ninety Sonatas in Three Volumes. Urtext Edition. Dover Publication 100=Domenico Scarlatti 100 Sonatas in Three Volumes. Edited by Eiji Hashimoto. Schirmer RS= Royal School of Music; Keyboard Pieces and Sonatas; edited by Arnold Goldsbrough; The Associated 5 Board of the Royal Schools of Music; Book I-III; (Fingerings included; Editorial suggestions of phrasing and ornamentation included in brackets and as footnotes). S=Schirmer Emilia Fadini/New Ricordi: 333 Sonatas in 6 volumes (in process) Kenneth Gilbert/Heugel: complete urtext; based on Kirkpatrick facsimilies Ralph Kirkpatrick/Princeton: Scarlatti, Domenico. Complete keyboard works in facsimile from the manuscript and printed sources. N.Y.: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1972 www.midiworld.com/scarlatti.htm "Franz Joseph Haydn and Domenico Scarlatti Complete Keyboard Sonatas" CD Sheet Music, LLC; Theodore Presser Co. www.cdsheetmusic.co GRADED LIST (Based of Royal School) Level 3 Level 4 K32 RS1, FH1 K14 K34 RS1 BL FH1 K15 K40 RS1 FH1 K63 RS1, FH2 K42 RS1 FH1 K74 RS1, A2 K73 BL FH1 K75 K80 RS1 K95 RS1, Bl K81 RS1 K163 RS1, EH2 K83 RS1 K199 EH2 K88 K304 K382 S33 K322 RS1, Bl, FH1 K431 BL FH1 K377 RS1, BU3 K471 A2, S2, FH1 K398 K440 FH1 K512 RS1 Grade 5 K5 K6 K25 RS2, BU K54 A1, S1 K59 K65 K67 RS2 K70 K79 BL K85 BL K102 RS2, BU K112 K123 RS2 K175 S1, BU2 K178 EH2, BU2 K201 BU2 K203 K208 A1, S1, BU2 K211 BU2 K213 RS2, BU2 K274 A1 K278 RS2, BU2 K285 BU2 K307 K323 BL K325 K335 K341 K342 RS2 K348 K349 K373 K376 BU3 K381 BL K389 RS2 K394 K402 S2 K404 BU3 K405 BU3 K453 K454 100:3 K461 S2, BU3 K514 BU3 K515 BU3 K531 A2,FH2, BU2 K541 K544 S2, BU3 K547 100:3 6 Grade 6 K1 BU, FH2 K2 BL K3 S1, FH1 K4 S3 K7 S1 K11 A1, RS2, BU, FH1 K12 K13 K19 K20 FH2 K21 K26 BU K28 S1 K35 BL K38 RS3 K51 BU K53 K64 A1, BU, FH1 K77 K100 K105 A2, BU, S1 K109 K119 BU, S1 K125 BU K132 BU, S1 K146 BU K149 A1, BU, FH1 K158 BU, EH2 K165 K184 K193 K198 K212 BU2 K214 BU2 K239 S1, BU2 K247 BU2 K255 K264 S2 K266 BU2 K268 BU2 K289 FH1 K300 FH1 K303 EH2 K333 K371 K378 BU3 K379 BU3 K 380 A1, BL, RS3, FH2 K384 K386 BL K387 K391 FH1 K421 A1, S2, BU3 K425 K427 RS2, B, S2 K428 K429 K431 K432 BL, BU3 K440 FH1 K446 100:3, BU4 K470 S2 K475 100:3 K481 RS3 K490 A2, S2, BU4 K491 S2, BU4 K502 A2, BU4 K511 100:3 K520 100:3, BU4 K532 100:3 K537 RS2 K551 100:3 BU4 Grade 7 K8 RS3 K9 BL, BU, RS3, FH1, Henle K10 BL K16 S1 K18 S1 K33 FH2 K39 K46 S1 K52 BU K69 BU K82 BU K98 BU K124 K133 BU S1 K134 K135 K140 BU, RS3 K159 BL, BU, EH2, FH1 K197 K200 EH2 K259 K261 BU2 K284 BU2 K318 BU3 K393 FH1 K415 BU3 K436 RS3 K443 BU4 K450 BU4 K487 100:3 K492 A2, S2, BU4 K496 K507 BU4 K525 RS3 Grade 8 K24 BU K27 BU K29 BU, S1 K30 BU K31 FH1 K41 K58 K87 K93 K96 BU, S1, FH2 K113 BU,FH2 K120 BU, S1 K128 K141 BU K142 K162 EH2 K169 K185 FH2, BU2 K417 K426 S2, FH2, BU3 K430 A1, FH2 K444 BU4 K466 100:3 K474 100:3 K478 100:3, BU4 K513 A2, S2 K517 S2 K535 RS3 7 Selected Bibliography Boyd, Malcolm. Domenico Scarlatti: Master of Music. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1986. Burney, Charles. A General History of Music. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1789, 1935. Chase, Gilbert. The music of Spain. Second revised edition. New York: Dover Books, 1959 Clark, Jane. “Domenico Scarlatti and spanish folk music: a performer's re-appraisal.” Early Music, 1976, v4: p19-21. Clark, Jane. “'His own worst enemy'. Scarlatti: some unanswered questions.” Early Music, 1985, v13: p542-547 Jackson, Roland. “Domenico Scarlatti's acciaccaturas and their role in the design of his keyboard sonatas.” Early Keyboard Journal, 2005, v2: p93-124 Kirpatrick, Ralph.