Civil Engineering Volume 169 Issue CE4 November 2016 ■ Planning and procurement of the Queensferry Crossing in Scotland ■ Happy Valley underground stormwater storage scheme, Hong Kong ■ Re-thinking UK transport emissions – getting to the 2050 targets ■ Creating inter-tidal and freshwater habitat on a brownfield site www.civilengineering-ice.com ISSN 0965 089 X proceedings CivilICE Publishing Engineering TechnicalVolume 166 Issue CE4 November Writing 2013 Service Radiation level: kBq/m2 >3000 Delivering the Emirates Air Line, London – Britain’s first urban cable car 1000–3000 600–1000 WeThe 2011 are Greatlaunching East Japan a earthquake,new service tsunami for andcivil nuclear disaster 300–600 160 km 100–300 engineering firms, helping them to publish 60–100 Port of Newcastle, Australia: innovation at one of the world’s largest coal-export30–60 terminals 10–30 projectDelivery of papers subway line in 9Civil in Seoul, Engineering South Korea, – the lessons in public–private partnering<10 CivilThe area Engineering where ICE’s international journal for technical measurement results 100 km excellence. Volume 169could Issue not CE3 be August obtained 2016 ■A-frame rocker bearing replacement at Humber Bridge, UK 60 km ■Evolution of modern mega-buildings in China: innovations and sustainability ■Launching of Leigh Road Bridge, Slough, UK ■Urbanisation and landslides: hazard drivers and better practices 30 km If you work on a project that you would like to bring 20 km to the attention of ICE’s 90,000 members worldwide, but you are unfamiliar with writing papers for a peer- reviewed journal, then this new service is for you. Fukushima I nuclear power Civil engineering projects make good reading. They plant show how the profession meets society’s needs; how research is put into practice; how sustainability is achieved; how value for money is delivered; and 05km 0 how innovation and ingenuity are at the heart of everything we do. 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For further information, please contact journal manager Ben Ramster on +44 20 7665 2242, email [email protected] www.civilengineering-ice.com ISSN 0965 089 X CE-Nov13.indd 1 02/10/2013 17:23 Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Civil Engineering Volume 169 Issue CE4 November 2016 CONTENTS:November 2016 Contact Information Editor: Simon Fullalove tel: +44 20 7665 2448 Civil Engineering email: [email protected] Journals Manager Ben Ramster tel: +44 20 7665 2242 email: [email protected] EDITORIAL General manager, ICE Publishing: Mike Cookson tel: +44 20 7665 2486 BRIEFING email: [email protected] Advertising: Steve Jackson, Structural Promotions Ltd. Aligning systemic infrastructure decisions with social outcomes 147 12 Lawrance Way, Bourne, Lincolnshire PE10 0HU Connected and autonomous vehicles: why civil engineers need to act now 148 tel: +44 1778 420 857 Civil engineers urged to facilitate active travel for all 149 fax: +44 1778 424 771 email: [email protected] International perspectives in managing construction contracts 150 Published by ICE Publishing MONITOR One Great George Street,Westminster SW1P 3AA tel: +44 20 7222 7722 Discussion 153 fax: +44 20 7538 4101 Books 154 email: [email protected] www.icevirtuallibrary.com ICE Proceedings 156 ICE Publishing is a division of Thomas Telford Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of ICE review 158 the Institution of Civil Engineers Production editing by Paul Allanson TECHNICAL PAPERS Illustrations by Barking Dog Art Origination by Phoenix Photosetting Ltd, Chatham, Kent Planning and procurement of the Queensferry Crossing in Scotland Printed in the UK by Garnett Dickinson, Rotherham L. Shackman and D. Climie 161 Using fibre sourced from responsibly managed and sustainable forest Happy Valley underground stormwater storage scheme, Hong Kong ISSN 0965-089X (Print) W.-H. Luk, E. Cheng and J. Johnson 169 1751-7672 (Online) © The authors and the Institution of Civil Re-thinking UK transport emissions – getting to the 2050 targets Engineers, 2016 Available online at H. Pantelidou, G. Casey, T. Chapman, P. Guthrie and K. Soga 177 www.civilengineering-ice.com Creating inter-tidal and freshwater habitat on a brownfield site Subscription Information Non-members: D. Latham, C. Milburn, B. Munro, J. Wilson, S. Sherry and K. Baker 185 Subscription enquiries and notification of change of address should be sent to the Customer Services department, ICE Publishing, One Great George Street, Westminster SW1P 3AA tel: +44 20 7665 2460 fax: +44 20 7537 2529 email: [email protected] Civil Engineering, 4 issues per year (plus two special issues) 2017 subscription price: UK £198; EU £225; Elsewhere £245 ICE Specialist Engineering Journals Collection (formerly full ICE Proceedings Package), 100 issues per year, 2017 subscription price: UK £4680; EU £5345; Elsewhere £5790 PAGE 168 PAGE 174 PAGE 180 PAGE 188 Members: Subscription enquiries and notification of changes of address should be sent to Membership Registry, CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITORIAL PANEL Institution of Civil Engineers, PO Box 4479, London SW1P 3XB, UK Chairman Emma Kent, CEng, MICE,MIStructE, Cundall, London, UK Sebastian Lewandowski, Highways England, Birmingham, UK tel: +44 20 7665 2227 Andy Alder, CH2M, London, UK Eva Linnell, MEng, CEng, MICE, Atkins, Bristol, UK fax: +44 20 7222 3514 David Atherton, BSc, MSc, CEng, CGeol, FICE, FIMMM, FCIWEM, MCIWM, FGS, Andrew Martin, BEng, MSt, CEng, MICE, MIStructE, COWI A/S, email: [email protected] Peter Brett Associates, Reading, UK Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Philippe Bouillard, BSc, MSc, PhD, Hab, MICE, FAUA, Université Libre David Oloke, Progressive Concept Consultancy Ltd, Walsall, UK The papers and articles express the de Bruxelles, Belgium Neil Owen, BSc, CEng, MICE, Independent Consultant, opinions of the authors, and do not Yancheng Cai, PhD, MIASS, Meinhardt (C&S) Ltd, Hong Kong, Birmingham, UK necessarily reflect the views of the ICE, PR China Priti Parikh, PhD, CEng, MICE, FRSA, University College London, UK TTL, or the Editorial Panel. Papers are John Clifton, BSc, CEng, CEnv, FICE, FCIHT,MCMI, Independent Consultant, Dave Parker, Independent Consultant, Bishop’s Stortford, UK formally refereed by the editorial panel Santa Barbara de Nexe, Portugal Colin Rawlings, BSc, DIC, MSc, CEng, MICE, MASCE, CGeol, FGS, CH2M/HS2 whereas, to ensure topicality, Briefing Mark Hagger, MA, CEng, FICE,MCIWEM, Environment Agency, Ltd, London, UK articles are not refereed. Solihull, UK Stuart Ross, Arup, Hong Kong, PR China Civil Engineering is indexed in the David Hobson, HS2 Ltd, Birmingham UK P. J. Rudden, RPS Group, Killiney, Republic of Ireland Science Citation Index Siva Kandasami, BE, ME, PhD, MICT, Coimbatore, India Alessandra Villa, CEng, MICE, Dott. Ing., Arup, London, UK 145 Civil Engineering Editorial Volume 169 Issue CE4 November 2016 Oloke ICE Publishing: All rights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.2016.169.4.146 EDITORIAL: NOVEMBER 2016 Editorial David Oloke BEng, MSc, PhD, CEng, MICE, MCIOB, ICE Health and Safety Registered (Advanced) Principal Consultant, Progressive Concept Consultancy, Walsall, UK and Senior Research and Development Consultant, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK Successful delivery of infrastructure projects continues to authors identify an urgent need to rebalance the transport depend on several key performance indicators, particularly modal mix. They also recommend a smart interface for all within the context of sustainability. Upgrading or replacing modes of the transport system and the implementation of ageing infrastructure with the state of the art requires drivers for behavioural change. efficient project management to ensure sustainable delivery. Brownfield sites continue to provide much-needed In this issue of Civil Engineering, Shackman and additional capacity for rural, urban and regional Climie (2016) describe the planning and procurement of development. In our final paper, Latham et al. (2016) report Queensferry Crossing in Scotland, which will largely replace on a challenging project to create a new inter-tidal and the 1964 Forth Road Bridge when it opens next May. The freshwater habitat on a brownfield site. Situated in north- project includes the delivery of a 22 km long intelligent east England, the Saltern wetlands in the Tees estuary transport system to manage traffic through the project floodplain is part of the Environment Agency’s flood risk corridor – which includes the existing bridge. The paper management strategy for the area. Two years on, the site provides valuable insights into the initial scoping through to is proving popular with a wide variety of birdlife as well as the award of the construction contracts for the project. reducing flood risk to local communities and industry. Similarly, innovative use of space is helping to address The innovative concepts discussed in this issue are future infrastructure development needs around the world. highly commendable in that they each reflect engineering The use of below-ground infrastructure, for example, efforts and