International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.3; Issue: 4; Oct.-Dec. 2018 Website: www.ijshr.com Original Research Article ISSN: 2455-7587 Factors Influencing with Malnutrition Pregnant at Tigi District Deiyai Regency Naomi Edowai1, A.L. Rantetampang2, Yermia Msen3, Anwar Mallongi4 1Magister Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 2,3Lecturer of Master Program in Public Health. Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura 4Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Corresponding Author: Naomi Edowai ABSTRACT knowledge, work and rest patterns is the dominant factor with the occurrence of chronic Background: Pregnant women health problems energy shortages. are one of the aspects that pay attention to and still occur in Indonesia are cases of chronic Keywords: Malnutrition, Pregnant, Health energy shortages which can have an impact on Public Centre the health of pregnant women and babies caused by factor’s including age, education, 1. INTRODUCTION employment, family income, parity and World Health Organization (WHO) knowledge of pregnant women, frequency of (2015) Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of eating and resting patterns. 99% occurs in developing countries; in 2013 Research Objectives: Factors related to it was 230 per 100,000 live births compared Chronic Energy Deficiency (CEL) in pregnant women in Tigi District, Deiyai District. to 16 per 100,000 live births in developed Research Method: Analytical with cross countries. According to WHO in 2013, the sectional study design. The population is all maternal mortality rate (MMR) recorded in pregnant women who were registered in April Indonesia was still around 190 per 100,000 2018 in Waghete Health Center and births. Indonesia entered the ranks of the Damabagata Health Center in Deiyai District countries with the highest AKI, which was with 291 people and a sample of 168 people ranked 3rd in ASEAN member countries. randomly. Data obtained using questionnaires According to data from the Papua and analysis using chi square and logistic binary Provincial Health Office in 2015 there were regression. 5340 cases of CEL and in 2016 it increased Results: Factors related to the incidence of CEL to 5734 cases. Based on the observations of in pregnant women in Tigi District Deiyai District were education (p-value 0.019; RP = researchers in Tigi District where there are 2 2.255; CI95% (1,188-2,280), occupation (p- Waghete Health Centers and in Damabagata value 0,000; RP = 6,338; CI95% (3,019- Health Center, Deiyai District, there are 50 13,303), knowledge (p-value 0,000; RP = pregnant women who have CEL. The 11,503; CI95% (5,404 - 24,485), frequency of condition of CEL in the mother, especially eating (p-value 0,000; RP = 15,996; CI95% during pregnancy, affects the weight of the (7,336 - 34,881), rest pattern ( p-value 0,000; baby born. Mothers who experience RP = 6,061; CI95% (2,707 - 13,569). Whereas problems with malnutrition during the factors not related to CEL events in pregnant pregnancy will be at risk of giving birth to women in Tigi District, Deiyai District are age babies with low weight (LBW). The (p-value 0,261; RP = 1,554; CI95% ( 0.797– inhibition of intrauterine growth in pregnant 3.029), family income (p-value 0.254; RP = 1.520; CI95% (0.808 - 2.861), parity (p-value women who experience CEL will cause the 0.310; RP = 0.539; CI95% (0.202 - 1.442), birth birth of babies with low weight. One study distance (p-value 0,585; RP. 00,669; CI95% states that pregnant women who experience (0,245 - 1,826). The frequency of eating, CEL have the opportunity to give birth to International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 245 Vol.3; Issue: 4; October-December 2018 Naomi Edowai et.al. Factors Influencing with Malnutrition Pregnant at Tigi District Deiyai Regency short children 6.2 times greater than approach, namely by measuring the mothers who are not CELs (Najahah, 2014). independent variables and the dependent Nutrition is an element contained in variable only once at the same time food and can be used directly by the body (Notoatmodjo, 2012). such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, B. Time and Location of Research minerals, and water. Nutrition is used by the This study was conducted at Waghete body for growth and repair of body tissues Health Center and at Deiyai District (Devi, 2010). Fetal growth is strongly Damabagata Health Center in May 2018. influenced by the nutritional status of C. Population and sample pregnant women. A good nutritional status 1. Population is related to the use of food absorbed by the The population in this study were all body (Adriani, 2012) must meet nutritional pregnant women who were registered in intake so that chronic energy shortages April 2018 at Waghete Health Center and (CEL) do not occur. Chronic energy Damabagata Health Center in Deiyai deficiency (CEL) is a condition where a District with 291 people. person suffers from an imbalance in 2. Samples nutritional intake (energy and protein) The sample is a portion of the population which lasts for years (Muliawati, 2013). that is considered representative Based on WHO data in 2008 that (Notoatmodjo, 2012). 56% of the deaths of pregnant women in the a. Sample size world were due to chronic energy shortages The sample size uses the formula according (CEL). The 2009 National Socio-Economic to Bungin (2010) as follows: Survey (SUSENAS) showed that nutritional N n = ————— status in pregnant women suffering from 2 CEL with LILA <23.5 cm was as much as 1 + N (d) Information: 35.6% where the conditions in the n: Sample size countryside are slightly worse than the N: Large population cities, namely 25.9% in the countryside and d: Population deviations used, namely 5% = 17.5% in the cities. The frequency of 0.05 regular eating and balanced patterns is also Based on the entire population of pregnant a factor that affects the incidence of CEL in women in April 2018 as many as 291 pregnant women with a good frequency and people, then the sample size is guided by the diet that will support the improvement of formula above as follows: nutrition for pregnant women so that 291 291 291 pregnant women do not experience n = ——— = —— = —— = 168.45 = 168 nutritional problems during pregnancy 1 + 291 (0.05) 2 1 + 0.7275 1.7275 especially the incidence of CEL. then the total sample of 168 pregnant Based on the description above, the women. researcher was interested in examining "factors related to chronic energy deficiency 3. RESULTS (CEL) in pregnant women in the District of 1. Analysis Bivariate Tigi, Deiyai District". a. Age Relationship with Chronic Energy Lack (CEL) Events 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Table 1. Age relationship with the incidence of CEL in A. Type of Research pregnant women in the District of Tigi Deiyai District in 2018 This study is an observational analytic No Age Chronic Energy Lack (CEL) n % CEL Not CEL study. Observational analytic research is a n % n % study that aims to find relationships between 1 < 20 year , 23 43,4 30 56,6 53 100 > 35 year variables by analyzing the data that has been 2 20-35 year 38 33 77 67 115 100 collected. This study uses a Cross Sectional Total 61 36,3 107 63,7 168 100 p-value = 0,261; RP = 1,554; CI95% (0,797– 3,029) International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 246 Vol.3; Issue: 4; October-December 2018 Naomi Edowai et.al. Factors Influencing with Malnutrition Pregnant at Tigi District Deiyai Regency Table 1 shows that mothers aged Table 3. Employment Relationship with the incidence of CEL in pregnant women in the Tigi District of Deiyai District in <20 years and >35 years experienced CEL 2018 as many as 23 people (43.4%) and not CELs No Occupation CEL n % CEL Not CEL as many as 30 people (56.6%), while n % N % pregnant women aged 20-35 years 1 Work 31 67,4 15 32,6 46 100 2 Not work 30 24,6 92 75,4 122 100 experienced CEL 38 people (33%) and not Total 61 36,3 107 63,7 168 100 CELs were 77 people (67%). The results of p-value = 0,000; RP = 6,338; CI95% (3,019– 13,303) the chi square statistical test on the significance value of 95% ( = 0.05) Table 3 shows that for mothers who worked obtained p-value 0.261 or p> α (0.05). This experiencing CEL as many as 31 people means that there is no significant age (67.4%) and not CEL as many as 15 people relationship with the incidence of CEL in (32.6%), while pregnant women who did pregnant women in Tigi District, Deiyai not work experienced CELs as many as 30 District. The results of RP = 1.554; CI95% people (24.6%) and not CEL as many as 92 (0.797– 3.029) with a lower value not people (75.4%). The results of the chi including 1, so age is not significant with square statistical test on the significance the occurrence of CEL. value of 95% ( = 0.05) obtained p-value 0,000 or p <α (0.05). This means that there b. Educational Relationship with Chronic is a significant work relationship with the Energy Lack Events incidence of CEL in pregnant women in Tigi District, Deiyai District. The results of Table 2. Educational Relationships with the incidence of CEL in pregnant women in the Tigi District of Deiyai District in the value of RP = 6.338; CI95% (3,019– 2018 13,303) which was interpreted to mean that No Education CEL n % CEL Not CEL pregnant women who worked were likely to n % n % have a CEC incidence of 6,338 times higher 1 Low 35 46,7 40 53,3 75 100 2 High 26 28 67 72 93 100 than pregnant women who did not work.