1905. 1 6 APR 1963 QUEENSLAND. 1437 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF PROTECTOR OF ABORIGINALS FOR 1904 Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command. TO THE UNDER SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC LANDS. Brisbane, 30th April, 1905 SIR,—I have the honour to hand you my Annual Report on the results of the operations of " The Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Acts, 1897 to 1901," for the year ending 31st December, 1904. LABOUR CONDITIONS. Permits. — A total of 1,863 permits has been issued by the local Protectors. Particulars of their distribution are shown in the accompanying table, with the appointments of all these officials up to date. Mrs. Frew, the Protector of Aboriginals (female) is specially entrusted with the supervision and care of the half-caste and full-blooded girls out at service in the Brisbane and Southern areas; her report on the Aboriginal Girls' Home, of which she is the gazetted superintendent, will be found in the section dealing with mission stations, &c. Irritation has been caused amongst certain employers in the Southern and Central districts owing to the cancellation of the so-called " general " permits to employ any native — man, woman, or child: as the issue of such documents was in direct contravention of the principles embodied in the Aboriginals Protection Acts, I had no choice in the matter but to refuse them in all cases. I Issued in the Petty Sessions Districts of— Stationed at— Males. Females. Somerset O'Brien, Charles David. C.P.S. ... Thursday Island 3S2 1 Cairns, Douglas, Herberton, Mareeba, Durham, Hubert. Rowland Pasley, Cairns ... 153 59 Mourilyan, Thornborough Inspector Cook, Palmer King, James, Sergeant Cooktown 233 26 Coen ... .... ... Garraway, Roland Walter, Sub- Coen 17 1 Inspector Burke, Camooweal, Cloncurry, Etheridge, Galbraith, Percy Dumas Fead, Normanton 212 66 Norman, Croydon Inspector Mackay Martin, Edward, Sub-Inspector ... Mackay 16 3 Winton Brosnan, Michael, Acting Sergeant Winton 13 <> Ayr, Bowen, Ingham, Cardwell. Ravenswood, Quilter, John, Sub-Inspector Townsville (La­ 40 13 Townsville mond) Charters Towers, Cape River, Hughenden, Sweetman, Edward John, Sub- Charters Towers 26 7 Richmond Inspector Boulia ... Whelan, Daniel, Acting Sergeant... Boulia 43 14 Adavale, Augathella, Charleville, Cunna­ Marrett, Charles Beauchamp, In­ Charleville 113 30 mulla, Eulo, Hungerford, Thargomindah spector Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Blackall, Dia­ Dillon, Michael, Inspector Longreach 81 18 mantina, Isisford, Jundah, Longreach, Muttaburra, Tambo, Windorah Allora, Clifton, Crow's Nest, Dalby, Goondi­ Geraghty, James, Sub-Inspector Toowoomba windi, Highfields, Inglewood, Killarney, Southwood, Stanthorpe, Texas, Too­ woomba, Warwick Biggenden, Bundaberg, Childers, Eidsvold, Driscoll, Andrew, Inspector .. Maryborough 31 Gayndah, Gin Gin, Gladstone, Gympie. Kilkivan, Maryborough, Nanango, Ten- ningering, Tiaro Banana, Clermont, Emerald, Mount Morgan, Fitzgerald, Hervey, Inspector Rockhampton 20 25 Rockhampton, St. Lawrence, Springsure Bollon, Condamine, Mitchell, Roma, St. Breene, Martin, Sub-Inspector ... Roma ... 13 George, Surat, Taroom, Yeulba Beaudesert, Brisbane, Caboolture, Cleveland, White, John Warren, Inspector ... Brisbane 31 67 Dugandan, Esk, Gatton, Goodna, Harris- ville, Ipswich, Laidley, Logan, Marburg, Maroochy, Nerang, Redcliffe, Rosewood, South Brisbane, Woodford Brisbane, &c. ... Frew, Mary Easter Brisbane 7o Total 1,445 118 C. A. 24—1905. Digitised by AIATSIS Library 2007, RS 25.4/3 - www.aiatsis.gov.au/library 2 Casual Employment. — According to the strict letter of the law, a permit ought to be obtained for any employment, even the most casual; but I feel confident that no officer of police (unless, of course, he has valid objections to the employer) will take any action in a case of giving a boy a meal in return for doing an odd job or two. The usual practice in the North, where it was first started, and worked admirably, has been to apply for a permit for casual employment — i.e., where the boy or gin comes up daily to do some wood-chopping, washing, &c, and does not live on the premises. The permit costs nothing, yet protects the employer from being prosecuted for harbouring. The permit is not a contract; it only gives permission to employ. Of course, where the employment is permanent, and the aboriginal lives on the premises—any period over a month would reasonably render the employment permanent— an agreement must in addition be entered into. If the agreement is broken, both parties to the contract have their remedy. In all these cases of casual employment a great deal must necessarily depend upon local circumstances, and the tact and judgment of the local police. That this arrangement for casual employment works satisfactorily is evidenced in several districts. Protector Galbraith says:—" Under this heading are classed aboriginals who camp near, and work in, towns; they are not placed under agreement, but work for a daily wage, 6d. a day being the usual rate. In Normanton there are two camps, numbering about 200 aborigines. Originally, these camps were composed of Normanton natives, but their strength is now kept up by station boys who have left their employers, and who want a spell before going outside again; by others who have married Normanton gins, and by various other causes. These blacks come into town about 9 a.m., and leave about 6 p.m.; they have their regular employers, and their payment is certain: if not paid, they never return to that employer, and there is no mendicancy. They are orderly, biddable, and very honest, and opportunities for stealing, owing to their vocation, are great. They are employed as horse-boys, firewood cutters, yard-cleaners, nursegirls, washerwomen, charwomen, &c." Protector Garraway, in the Coen district, writes that:—" As nearly everyone in this district employs blacks casually, and often a different aboriginal every week or so, they are allowed to do so generally without other than verbal permit. If the blacks were not sufficiently fed or paid for their casual services, they would not come to work, and petty stealing would probably follow. The blacks in the vicinity of the township of Coen have been for years accustomed to doing casual work." Protector Brosnan, in speaking of the Winton natives, says that by earning their food and a few shillings for such casual work, they not only maintain themselves but their old and infirm relatives in the camp, thereby preventing the latter becoming a burden on the State. Permanent employment. — Agreements. — There is no doubt that on the whole the method of agreements, as it is becoming more and more applied, is at last being appreciated. Naturally, as a reaction from those times when the employers could ride slip-shod over the natives in their service, a certain amount of dissatisfaction here and there is given expression to. For instance, in connection with the complaints received through Mr. Forsyth, M.L.A., from certain pastoralists in the Gulf country, the perusal of Inspector Galbraith's reports, together with the replies obtained by circular from a large number of other gentlemen interested in stock, will convince any unbiassed person that the complaints referred to are unjustified, and certainly have no foundation in fact. In the neighbouring Boulia district, Protector O'Connor distinctly states that employers generally recognise the benefits of agreements. Protector Fitzgerald, of Rockhampton, supplies an aspect of the question which is certainly novel to me:—" The signing of agreements implies a threat of gaol should they (natives) break them, and in many cases the station-holders encourage them in this dislike; rather than explain all the details of agreements, or wait the time required by the police to forward the necessary documents after completion of the agreements, they let them go." On the recommendation of the police and local Protectors, permission has been specially granted (under the Regulations) to licensed victuallers in various portions of the State to employ natives on their premises. Not a few people have had their permits revoked; amongst the number a justice of the peace, who was charged with, but not convicted of, cattle-stealing. Value of Aboriginal Labour.— During the course of certain inquiries made by Protector Galbraith, the following expressions of opinion as to the comparison of white with aboriginal labour were obtained from some of the leading pastoralists in the Gulf country:—" As stock-riders, better than ordinary pick-up hands " (W. Ormsby Wiley, Milgarra); " Better than the class walking about in the Gulf " (John Epworth, Delta Downs); "They suit the purpose just as well as white labour" (W. Wright, Wallabadah); "As good and, in a great many instances, better" (G. A. Bristow, Miranda Downs); " Have proved more reliable than the general class of white stockmen in this district " (Thos. A. Simpson, late manager Carpentaria Downs, Forest Home, and Magowra stations); "Better than the general run of pick-up white men. They know the country better, and are more biddable " (A. H. Underwood, Midlothian); " Better than the average white" (Daniel Thorn, drover and station manager since 1872); "As stock-riders and bushmen in many cases superior to the general station hands" (Reginald Hillcoat, Bonnarra); " They are preferable and far more reliable than white labour among cattle, being always sober, and more biddable" (John T. Roberts, Pastoral Inspector for the Bank of New South Wales); "As good" (J. V. Milson, manager. Forest Home); " Compare favourably with the ordinary class of white stockman " (Ross Maclean, manager. Magowra); " Compare better, with the ordinary run of white labour " (Robt, Currie, Marine Plains). " In the Longreach area," says Protector Dillon, " aboriginal labour is much in demand on the cattle-stations on the Lower Thomson and Cooper districts; on one station alone there are eight employed. They are giving every satisfaction." The Payment of Wages.— Protector O'Connor, of Boulia, has established a uniform rate of wage for bond fide stockmen — viz., .'50s per month and everything found, or 10s.