The ESIA for South Sudan Rural Roads Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Transport, Roads & Bridges (MTRB) Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE RURAL ROADS PROJECT IN SOUTH SUDAN Public Disclosure Authorized EMPLOYER: Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, Government of Republic of South Sudan. CONSULTANT: Ayeh & Ayeh Consulting Engineers & Environmental Scientists Public Disclosure Authorized ACCRA, GHANA September, 2013 i The ESIA for South Sudan Rural Roads Project Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... VII CHAPTER ONE: .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose and Need of Project .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Project Objective and Description ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectivesof the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment .......................................................... 6 1.4. ESIA Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER TWO: POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK...................................................................................... 10 2.0 National & International Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework ...................................................... 10 2.1 National Legal Policy and Institutional Framework ................................................................................. 10 2.1.1 The Interim National Constitution of Southern Sudan (ICSS): .................................................... 10 2.1.2The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 (TCRSS) .................................... 11 2.1.3 The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) .......................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Environmental& Social Safeguards Assessment Framework for south Sudan transport sector - Review of ESSAF ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.5 Draft Environment Policy (2010): .............................................................................................. 13 2.1.6 Draft Environment Protection Bill (2010) .................................................................................. 14 2.1.7. National Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework (ESSAF) .................. 14 2.1.8 Southern Sudan Land Act 2009 ................................................................................................. 15 2.1.9 Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act, 2003 ................................................................ 15 2.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies ......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) ....................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) .................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) .............................................................................................. 16 ii The ESIA for South Sudan Rural Roads Project 2.2.4 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) .................................................................................. 17 2.2.5 Bank’s Policy on Access to Information ..................................................................................... 17 2.3 International Conventions and Agreements ..................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ROAD NETWORK (SELECTED ROADS) .................................... 19 3.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1. Upgrade and Rehabilitation of Selected Rural Roads ........................................................................ 20 3.1.1 Magwi-Lobone through Parajok ................................................................................................ 20 3.1.2. Amadi –Tali Road ...................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3. Tali-Yirol Road .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Likely Impacts of Road Rehabilitation .............................................................................................. 22 3.2. Periodic Maintenance and Spot Improvement of Roads ................................................................... 24 3.2.1. Yei-New Lasu ............................................................................................................................ 24 3.2.2. (Ras Olo) Dukudu Olo-Maridi .................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3. Maridi-Kozi Road ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Likely Impacts of Periodic Maintenance and Spot Improvement ...................................................... 26 3.3. Labor Based Maintenance and Spot Improvement ........................................................................... 29 3.3.1. Morobo-Panyume Road............................................................................................................ 29 3.3.2. Panyume-Yaribe Road .............................................................................................................. 29 3.3.3. Yaribe-Gimunu Road ................................................................................................................ 30 3.3.4. Panyume-Jamara-Limbe Road .................................................................................................. 30 3.3.5. Yei-Kergulu-Morobo Road ........................................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS .......................... 32 4.1 Biophysical and Socio-cultural & Economic Environment: ................................................................ 33 4.1.1 Magwi-Lobone through Parajok _ Eastern Equatoria State ....................................................... 33 4.1.2 Amadi-Tali (Western Equatoria and Central Equatoria States) .................................................. 37 iii The ESIA for South Sudan Rural Roads Project 4.1.3 Tali-Yirol (Central Equatoria and Lakes State) ............................................................................ 42 4.1.4 Yei-New Lasu (Central Equatoria State) ..................................................................................... 47 4.1.5 Ras Olo (Dukuduolo) –Maridi (Western Equatoria State) .......................................................... 51 4.1.6 Maridi - Kozi Road (60 Km): (Western Equatoria State) ............................................................. 54 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 58 5.2 “No Development” scenario ............................................................................................................. 59 5.3 Rehabilitation of the Selected Roads ................................................................................................ 59 5.4 New Construction Scenario .............................................................................................................. 60 5.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 62 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL IMPACTS and MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................... 64 6.1 Issues of RAP ......................................................................................................................................... 65 6.2 Significance of Identified Impacts ..................................................................................................... 65 6.3 Identified Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation measures ............................................ 68 6.3.1 Pre-Construction Phase Impacts ............................................................................................... 70 6.3.2 Construction Phase Impacts ..................................................................................................... 70 6.4. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................................................... 83 6.3.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase Impacts .............................................................................. 87 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL