SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: West Papua Introduction 331,000 children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 38% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. West Papua West Papua (Papua Barat) is a youthful province. Its 331,000 children represent 38 per cent of the total population. Just over a third of children live in urban areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province. GOAL 1 NO POVERTY Around 104,000 children (31 per cent) were living below the official Multidimensional child poverty in West Papua poverty line in 2015 (Rp 14,517 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, three-quarters of children experienced 100% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, 80% with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 Rural 60% Per cent Number 40% National average Population below national poverty line 25.8 226,000 20% Children < 18 below national poverty line 31.4 104,000 75 West Papua 0% Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 68.0 225,000 GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, including among survival, growth and development. Some 39 per cent of infants in those in more affluent households. One in five newborns have West Papua were exclusively breastfed for the first six months of a low birthweight, and 45 per cent of children under five were life in 2015, which is below the national average. stunted (low height for their age) in 2013. Wealth disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes 80% Richest quintile 60% Poorest quintile 40% National average 20% 20 39 45 8 West Papua 0% Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Despite progress, child mortality remains a significant challenge. occurred without assistance from a skilled attendant. Levels of For every 1,000 live births, 35 newborn babies died in their first access are lower for mothers and children in rural areas. month of life and 109 before their fifth birthday. Continued efforts are needed to reach and sustain high Improving women’s access to sexual and reproductive immunisation coverage. Three-quarters of infants were health services is essential. Only 56 per cent of women and vaccinated against measles and 67 per cent received the adolescents aged 15-49 years had their need for family planning recommended three doses of DTP vaccine in 2015. satisfied with modern methods in 2015, and one in four births Geographic disparities in maternal and child health Need for family planning 120 satisfied with modern 56 methods (% of women) 100 Institutional deliveries 55 80 Maternal and reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 75 60 40 Immunisation 56 coverage – DPT3 20 82 35 109 Immunisation 75 0 Child health coverage – measles Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births) Urban Rural National average West Papua GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 86 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest though most pre-school children are already in primary school. quintile 80% West Papua has achieved near-universal access to primary Poorest education. However, children from the poorest households are 60% quintile much less likely to complete schooling compared with their 40% more affluent peers. National average Quality of education is a key concern. Around a half of primary 20% school children achieved the minimum national benchmark in 90 72 62 0% West Papua reading and 18 per cent in mathematics, which is on par with Primary Junior Senior the national average. Secondary Secondary Percentage of children attending school, by age 100% Tertiary 80% Senior secondary 60% Junior secondary 40% Primary 20% Pre-school 0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Age (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY The practice of child marriage is declining. In West Papua, some Wealth disparities in child marriage 15 per cent of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are higher among girls from the poorest households. 25% Richest quintile In 2016, over one in three women aged 14–64 in Papua and 20% West Papua reported having experienced physical and/ or Poorest quintile sexual violence by a male intimate partner at least once in their 15% lifetime. Nearly one in five had experienced one of these forms of National violence in the 12 months before the survey. average 10% West Papua 5% are 15 % of women married 0% 15 before Child marriage GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and water sources is higher, both in households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Just over half of the population used a pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity basic sanitation facility at home in 2015, while nearly 7 per cent considerations into policy and practice and further expanding the practised open defecation. Only a third of schools have sex- community-based total sanitation programme. separated toilet facilities. The coverage of improved drinking Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic 66% Richest 9% with water 100% services quintile schools 80% Poorest 60% quintile School environment 40% National Schools with basic water services (%) 66 average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 34 20% 72 52 7 West Papua Community 0% Villages and wards implementing community-based total Improved Basic Open 17 drinking water sanitation defecation sanitation (%) GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS Improving levels of birth registration is critical: around half of Wealth disparities in birth registration children under 5 years of age had no birth certificate in 2015. There are large differences between urban and rural areas and based on households’ wealth status, due to financial and supply- 80% Richest quintile side barriers. 60% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment for Poorest juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should be quintile a measure of last resort. In West Papua, 7 per cent of all children 40% National in detention were unsentenced, which is better than in most average other provinces. 20% Limited data is available on all forms of childhood violence in the 52 West Papua 0% region to inform policy and prevention programmes. Birth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD The scorecard summarises West Papua’s performance for a On the right side of the scorecard West Papua’s rank for each selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer to 34 the country. For each indicator, the graph shows West Papua’s for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles (blue for the average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest ranking provinces). lowest data value. or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province West Papua Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces) Children below poverty line (%) 33 SDG 1 Multidimensional child deprivation (%) 28 Exclusive breastfeeding (%) 24 SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%) 31 Need for family planning met (% of women) 31 Skilled attendant at birth (%) 29 SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births) 33 Full immunisation coverage (%) 34 Minimum proficiency in math (%) 24 SDG 4 Minimum proficiency in reading (%) 13 Child marriage (%) 20 SDG 5 Improved drinking water (%) 13 SDG 6 Basic sanitation (%) 21 SDG 16 Birth registration (%) 30 0 20 40 60 80 100 Colour legend: Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34) Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS); administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health); and Study on Women’s and Men’s Health and Life Experiences in Papua, Indonesia (UNDP/USAID). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email [email protected].