0120_wh09MODte_ch03s3_s.fm Page 120 Monday, June 4, 2007 10:26WH09MOD_se_CH03_S03_s.fm AM Page 120 Monday, April 9, 2007 10:44 AM Step-by-Step WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO SECTION 3 Instruction 3 A Piece of the Past In 1867, a Canadian farmer of English Objectives descent was cutting logs on his property As you teach this section, keep students with his fourteen-year-old son. As they focused on the following objectives to help used their oxen to pull away a large log, a them answer the Section Focus Question piece of turf came up to reveal a round, and master core content. 3 yellow object. The elaborately engraved 3 object they found, dated 1603, was an ■ Explain why the colony of New France astrolabe that had belonged to French grew slowly. explorer Samuel de Champlain. This ■ Analyze the establishment and growth astrolabe was a piece of the story of the of the English colonies. European exploration of Canada and the A statue of Samuel de Champlain French-British rivalry that followed. ■ Understand why Europeans competed holding up an astrolabe overlooks Focus Question How did European for power in North America and how the Ottawa River in Canada (right). their struggle affected Native Ameri- Champlain’s astrolabe appears struggles for power shape the North cans. above. American continent? Struggle for North America Prepare to Read Objectives In the 1600s, France, the Netherlands, England, and Sweden Build Background Knowledge L3 • Explain why the colony of New France grew joined Spain in settling North America. North America did not Given what they know about the ancient slowly. yield vast treasure or offer a water passage to Asia, as they had societies of North America and North • Analyze the establishment and growth of the hoped. Before long, though, the English and French were turning American geography, ask students how English colonies. large profits. By 1700, France and England controlled large parts they predict the colonization of North • Understand why Europeans competed for power of North America. Their colonies differed from each other and from America will be different from and similar in North America and how their struggle affected those of Spanish America in terms of language, government, to the colonization of Latin America. Native Americans. resources, and society. Terms, People, and Places L3 Set a Purpose New France compact Building New France ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection revenue French and Indian War By the early 1500s, French fishing ships were crossing the Atlantic aloud or play the audio. Ask What is the Pilgrims Treaty of Paris each year to harvest rich catches of cod off Newfoundland, Can- significance of a Canadian farmer of ada. Within 200 years, the French had occupied or claimed nearly English descent finding a French half of North America. Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence Create a astrolabe from 1603 on his land? timeline like the one below to record the sequence Explorers and Missionaries French claims in Canada—which (It shows that England and France were of important events in the struggle for North the French called New France—quietly grew while French rulers two of the nations involved in the America. were distracted by wars at home in Europe. In 1534, colonization of North America.) Cartier explores Jacques Cartier (zhahk kahr tee AY) began exploring the coastline AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, eastern Canada. of eastern Canada, eventually discovering the St. Lawrence River. A Piece of the Past Traveling inland on the river, he claimed much of present-day 1534 1607 eastern Canada for France. Jesuits and other missionaries soon fol- ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus lowed the explorers. They advanced into the wilderness, trying with Question and write it on the board. little success to convert the Native Americans they met to Tell students to refer to this question Christianity. as they read. (Answer appears with Section 3 Assessment answers.) ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Vocabulary Builder Terms, People, and Places. Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section. ■ Have students read this Teaching Resources, Unit 1 p. 47; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 section using the Guided Questioning strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read, High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence have students complete the timeline prevail, p. 122 v. to triumph sequencing events in the struggle for The school’s football team celebrated after they prevailed against their North America. archrivals. Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 141 120 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas WH09MOD_se_CH03_S03_s.fm0120_wh09MODte_ch03s3_s.fm Page 121 Page Monday, 121 April Wednesday, 9, 2007 10:44 May AM 30, 2007 3:51 PM Furs, Trapping, and Fishing French explor- ers and fur traders gradually traveled inland Teach with the help of Native American allies, who BIOGRAPHY sought support against rival Native American Building New France L3 groups. Eventually, France’s American empire Jacques Cartier reached from Quebec to the Great Lakes and In 1534, Jacques Cartier Instruct down the Mississippi River to Louisiana and the (1491–1557) sailed to North Gulf of Mexico. America on behalf of France. ■ Introduce Ask students to preview the The population of New France, however, grew His commission was to find biography of Jacques Cartier on this slowly. The first permanent French settlement spices, gold, and a passage to page. Explain that Cartier’s explora- was not established until 1608, when Samuel de Asia. Cartier found none of tions claimed a vast area of what is now Champlain established a colony in Quebec. these things, despite several Canada for France. Ask students what attempts, and ended his Wealthy landlords bought huge tracts, or areas career in relative obscurity. evidence of French colonization still of land, along the St. Lawrence River. They During his own lifetime, no exists in North America today. sought settlers to farm the land, but the harsh one guessed the impact that ■ Canadian climate, with its long winters, Teach Discuss how the colony of New Cartier’s voyages would have. France evolved during the 1600s. Ask attracted few French peasants. In his thousand-mile trek into Many who went to New France soon aban- Canada’s interior, he staked France’s later claim to a huge What was the basis of New France’s doned farming in favor of the more profitable fur amount of North American territory. His legacy also lives on in economy and why was it different trapping and trading. They faced a hard life in the Canadian place names he coined such as the St. Lawrence from that of Spanish colonies to the wilderness, but the soaring European River and the name Canada—derived from an Iroquois word the south? (Mostly, people trapped for demand for fur ensured good prices. Fishing meaning “village” or “settlement.” Why were Cartier’s fur and caught fish, and traded them was another industry that supported settlers, discoveries undervalued at the time? with Europe. New France did not have who exported cod and other fish to Europe. civilizations with vast wealth to plun- der; settlers used its resources instead.) An Empire Slowly Expands In the late 1600s, the French king Louis XIV set out to strengthen royal power and ■ Quick Activity Display Color Trans- boost revenues, or income, from taxes from his overseas empire. He parency 91: Colonies in the Ameri- appointed officials to oversee economic activities in New France. He also cas. Use the lesson suggested in the sent soldiers and more settlers—including women—to North America. transparency book to guide a discus- Louis, however, who was Catholic, prohibited Protestants from settling sion on the location of the various in New France. By the early 1700s, French forts, missions, and trading European colonies in the Americas. posts stretched from Quebec to Louisiana, and the population was grow- Color Transparencies, 91 ing. Yet the population of New France remained small compared to that of the English colonies that were expanding along the Atlantic coast. Independent Practice Why did French settlers abandon farming in favor of Remind students that French peasants fur trapping and trading? were reluctant to go to New France, but that Louis XIV wanted to send more set- The English Colonies tlers and soldiers anyway. Have small In 1497, a Venetian navigator known by the English name John Cabot groups of students take the viewpoint of found rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland, which he claimed for either Louis, the reluctant peasants, the England. Later English navigators continued to search for a northwest willing settlers, or the soldiers. Ask them passage to Asia, with no success. In the 1600s, England concentrated on to brainstorm reasons this person or establishing colonies along the Atlantic seaboard—the coast of the group felt the way they did. Use the Num- present-day eastern United States. bered Heads strategy (TE, p. T23) to have students present their ideas to the class. Establishing the First Colonies The English built their first perma- nent colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Although the colony was meant to bring wealth and profit, in the early years of the colony many Monitor Progress settlers died of starvation and disease. The rest survived with the help of As students fill in their timelines, circu- friendly Native Americans. The colony finally made headway when the late to make sure they understand the settlers started to grow and export tobacco, a plant that had been culti- sequence of events that occurred as the vated by Native Americans for thousands of years. French expanded in North America. For a completed version of the timeline, see Note Taking Transparencies, 125 Solutions for All Learners L4 Advanced Readers L4 Gifted Students Answers To challenge students to solve historical problems, ask present its view of the growing conflict between them to take part in a tribal council of a woodland them, and have them work out a solution to the They found farming difficult in the cold cli- Native American tribe.