BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION By WILLIAM PATRICK BYNUM II A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 © 2010 William Patrick Bynum II 2 To my family and friends Vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo, prospera omnia cedunt 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Raymond Issa, Dr. Svetlana Olbina, and Dr. Ian Flood for their continual guidance through the process of this research. Their expertise in the field of building information modeling as well as sustainability helped provide the framework for this investigation and for their advice and direction I am grateful. I would like to thank the University of Virginia School of Architecture and its faculty for establishing the foundation of my education in both digital modeling and sustainable design. Without my education at UVA I would not be the student or individual that I am today, and for that I am entirely grateful. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support in everything I have accomplished so far. Without you I would not be able to achieve the goals I set forth so early in my lifetime. Through your patience and eternal guidance I know that I will forever be able to depend on you for support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 16 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Purpose of Study .............................................................................................. 18 1.2 Objective of the Study ....................................................................................... 19 1.3 Research Methodology ..................................................................................... 19 1.4 Structure of Research ....................................................................................... 20 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 22 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 22 2.2 Building Information Modeling ........................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Historical Outline ..................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Potential Benefits to the AEC Industry..................................................... 24 2.2.3 Problems with BIM................................................................................... 27 2.2.4 BIM Software Platforms ........................................................................... 29 2.2.4.1 Autodesk Revit 2010 ...................................................................... 29 2.2.4.2 Bentley Architecture V8i ................................................................. 31 2.2.4.3 Graphisoft ArchiCAD 13 ................................................................. 33 2.2.4.4 Beck-Technology DProfiler ............................................................ 34 2.2.4.5 Gehry Technologies Digital Project V1,R4 ..................................... 35 2.2.4.6 Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect 2010 ....................................... 37 2.2.4.7 Tekla Structures 14 ........................................................................ 38 2.2.4.8 Vico Software Constructor 2009 .................................................... 39 2.2.5 BIM Software Supplemental Applications ................................................ 40 2.2.5.1 NavisWorks Manage 2010 ............................................................. 40 2.2.5.2 Solibri Model Checker .................................................................... 41 2.2.5.3 Innovaya Visual Software ............................................................... 41 2.3 Sustainability ..................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1 Green Building Assessment .................................................................... 43 2.3.1.1 LEED .............................................................................................. 44 2.3.1.2 Green Globes ................................................................................. 45 2.3.1.3 BREEAM ........................................................................................ 47 2.3.1.4 Other green building assessments ................................................. 47 5 2.3.2 Future Development of Green Building Assessments ............................. 49 2.4 The Interoperability between BIM and Sustainability ........................................ 49 2.4.1 Environmental Analysis Software ............................................................ 49 2.4.1.1 Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2010 .................................................... 50 2.4.1.2 IES <Virtual Environment> ............................................................. 51 2.4.1.3 Graphisoft EcoDesigner ................................................................. 53 2.4.1.4 eQUEST ......................................................................................... 53 2.5 Future Developments ........................................................................................ 53 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................... 55 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 55 3.2 Survey Questionnaire Design ........................................................................... 56 3.2.1 Personal Information ............................................................................... 56 3.2.2 Company/Organization Information ......................................................... 57 3.2.3 Building Information Modeling (BIM)........................................................ 59 3.2.4 Sustainable Building Practices ................................................................ 62 3.2.5 Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Sustainable Building Practices ....................................................................................................... 64 3.2.6 Optional Section ...................................................................................... 67 3.3 Sample Population ............................................................................................ 67 3.4 Method of Analysis............................................................................................ 68 4 SURVEY RESULTS................................................................................................ 71 4.1 Section 1 and 2 Results .................................................................................... 71 4.1.1 Question 1.1 ............................................................................................ 71 4.1.2 Question 1.2 ............................................................................................ 72 4.1.3 Question 1.3 ............................................................................................ 73 4.1.4 Question 2.1 ............................................................................................ 73 4.1.5 Question 2.2 ............................................................................................ 74 4.1.6 Question 2.3 ............................................................................................ 75 4.1.7 Question 2.4 ............................................................................................ 75 4.1.8 Question 2.5 ............................................................................................ 76 4.1.9 Question 2.6 ............................................................................................ 77 4.2 Section 3 Results .............................................................................................. 77 4.2.1 Question 3.1 ............................................................................................ 78 4.2.2 Question 3.2 ............................................................................................ 79 4.2.3 Question 3.3 – 3.4 ................................................................................... 79 4.2.4 Question 3.5 ............................................................................................ 80 4.2.5 Question 3.6 ............................................................................................ 81 4.2.6 Question 3.7 ............................................................................................ 83 4.3 Section 4 Results .............................................................................................. 86 4.3.1 Question 4.1 – 4.2 ..................................................................................