THE FUTURE OF AUTOMATED BORDER CONTROL: MAKING AN INFORMED DECISION A White Paper Comparing eGates and Self-service Kiosks PREPARED FOR PREPARED BY InterVISTAS CONSULTING | MAY 1, 2019 CONTENTS Foreword: Why an Informed Decision is Important 3 Introduction to this Study 5 The Study: EU Airport Environment 6 Using eGates for Document Checking 6 Using eGates for Border Clearance 7 Exception Handling 7 Functionality 8 Analytical Model 9 Methodology 12 Results 13 Other Considerations 15 Summary 16 Key Findings 18 Recommendations: What Does this Mean for Future-Proofing Automated Border Control? 19 WHY AN INFORMED FOREWORD DECISION IS IMPORTANT eamless, customer-centric, exceptional customer As safety concerns increase, The key issue experience, smart and advanced processing are the alongside the desire to facilitate S impacting border control latest buzzwords emerging as differentiators and drivers passenger convenience during is the lack of space and for growth, operational efficiency and sustainability in the the border crossing process, airport industry. All of them have a direct impact on every automated border control resources required to touch-point in a passenger’s journey. systems are gaining popularity. undertake the critical The adoption of these systems Border controls are challenging touch-points where security screening of is moving at a fast pace across governments and airport operators need to address and passengers. the world. According to Credence mitigate the impact of two converging issues: 1) new and Research1, the global automated increasing security requirements and 2) the exponential border control market was valued at increase in international passenger growth. Airports and USD 526.7 million in 2017 and is expected to expand passengers consistently experience long lines and delays at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 18.3% at high-volume, overburdened and sometimes redundant during the forecast period from 2018 to 2026. Ongoing checkpoints. The key issue impacting border control is investment and technological advancements are expected the lack of space and resources required to undertake the to make automated border control solutions more robust critical security screening of passengers. and reliable, increasing their appeal over the coming years. 1 Credence Research: Automated Border Control Market By Product Type (Automated Border Control e-Gates, Automated Border Control Kiosks), By End-Use Application (Airports, Seaports, Land Ports), By Component (Hardware, Software, Services) - Growth, Share, Opportunities & Competitive Analysis, 2018 – 2026 The Future of Automated Border Control: Making an Informed Decision 3 emand for automated border control solutions The EU is currently exploring various options to modernize Dis currently highest at airports. In 2017, airports and improve security for the external borders of the accounted for more than three-fourths of the global Schengen Area. The EU’s Smart Borders Package includes border automation market value, and this trend will a new Entry/Exit System (“EES”) and the European Travel continue as air traffic and passenger numbers are Information and Authorization System (“ETIAS”). The EES expected to increase over the next 20 years. With several will electronically record travellers’ time airport projects in the pipeline and new regulations on and place of both entry and exit to the horizon, the demand for automated border control the Schengen Area. The ETIAS systems will continue to rise. will allow and keep track of According to the visitors from countries In terms of value contribution, Europe was the largest who do not need a visa European Commission, it is automated border control market worldwide in 2017, to enter the Schengen forecasted that the annual accounting for over 40% of the total market value2. Zone. Both systems traveller border passages According to the European Commission, it is forecasted will make more use of that annual traveller border passages into the European into the European automated verification Union (“EU”) will reach approximately 887 million by Union (“EU”) will reach and identification 2025. With this expected volume of passengers travelling approximately 887 million methods, based on internationally, new systems are being installed or passages by 2025. biometric data such as integrated with existing systems to enhance security at fingerprints and facial images. border crossings. In addition to Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries are investing in intelligent process automation in border control and combining emerging technologies. Through utilizing a combination of self-service kiosks (“kiosks”), e-passport gates (“eGates”), biometrics and artificial intelligence, agencies can minimize interventions while maximizing effectiveness at border crossings. 2 ibid The Future of Automated Border Control: Making an Informed Decision 4 TO THIS INTRODUCTION STUDY nterVISTAS Consulting was commissioned by While eGates are currently deployed and used for IVancouver Airport Authority’s Innovative Travel Solutions processing European Economic Area3 (“EEA”) passport to provide an objective comparison of automated border holders and trusted travellers at numerous EU airports, controls, specifically focusing on eGates versus kiosks future border processing requirements, including the Smart and their performance for border control processing. Borders Package, will result in additional and more complex functionality that extends beyond current eGate capabilities. Border controls are highly variable and changing. As they require the ability to perform primary document and For example, the growing frequency and types of exception identity checks, as well as determine each individual’s handling, which occurs when the default process does status for a wide array of items such as purpose of not take place, has significant impacts on border control. journey, border controls need Examples include issues to maintain compliance with with reading the e-passport, changing legislation across residency questions, biometrics multiple geographies. registration and additional input from the traveller. These For the purposes of this exceptions may require study, an airport in the EU significant interactions with was used for the conceptual the traveller and may occupy analysis. However, the the processing point, which fundamentals outlined in this may be an officer or a kiosk, for white paper can be applied prolonged periods of time. to other airports around the world. Quantitative and This white paper is intended to qualitative factors were considered along with experience inform border control and airport decision-makers of the with kiosk and eGate deployments in other similar differences between eGates and kiosks to help future-proof jurisdictions including the United States and Canada. border control operations and processes in a growing and ever changing environment. 3 The European Economic Area (“EEA”) was established via the EEA Agreement, an international agreement which allows for the extension of the EU’s single market to non-EU member parties. The EEA links the European Union member states and three EFTA states (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) into an internal market governed by the same basic rules. The Future of Automated Border Control: Making an Informed Decision 5 EU AIRPORT THE STUDY ENVIRONMENT USING eGATES FOR DOCUMENT CHECKING Gates are analogous to subway turnstiles in which decision-making abilities that are based on reliable and e tap-to-pay technologies’ functionality is the sole fast read rates. To ensure unimpeded customer flow, no determinant of whether the gate opens or not. eGates additional interaction or user input functionalities can have achieved tremendous passenger flow throughput be added. rates using at-speed tap payment methods in which a Access to security screening at several airports, including binary yes or no decision is all that is required. Munich International Airport and London’s Heathrow For airport processing purposes, such as travel document Airport, exemplify applications that enable high-speed and passenger identity verification, eGates must have throughput with a limited number of exceptions. Similarly, biometric capture and/or verification capabilities. British Airways has found that passengers who self-board Fingers-on-the-fly (i.e. fingerprint) or distance-based using eGates have expedited the process significantly. In (i.e. facial) biometrics may eventually have the potential particular, British Airways noted that boarding for an A380 to achieve the desired outcome. aircraft with over 400 passengers is 20 minutes faster when using eGates4. When eGates are only used for access control, which may only require confirmation of traveller identity, the While eGates may appear to be a faster method for deployment of these verification devices at the study processing passengers than self-service kiosks, the airports demonstrated that eGates are the leading specific functionality and purpose must be considered self-service solution. The key factor for the successful carefully. The process time for an eGate is often 30 deployments of eGates is their clearly defined binary seconds or less per passenger, while the total “touch” time for a kiosk is 45 to 60 seconds. Figure 1: Boarding pass check/eGate access to a specific area of the airport. This binary verification process determines the validity of a boarding pass. 4 http://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/86/2018-247/9247