Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 03 (A), pp. 37716-37720, March, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article STATUS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OF EGRA SUBDIVISION, PURBA MEDINIPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA Dr.Surbhi Sahu1 and Sanjib Sau2 1Assistant Professor, Department Of Geography, Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India 2Guest Teacher, Department of Geography, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1103.5164 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) is a well respected indicator of social attainment and prosperity in present days. Inadequate availability of proper statistical data is a serious constraint in Received 6th December, 2019 calculating district level HDI in India. The problem is more acute in block level studies. An attempt Received in revised form 15th is made here using modified indicators calculate from available block level statistics to bring out the January, 2020 inter block disparities in human development in Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district. Basic Accepted 12th February, 2020 structure of the modified HDI is almost alike the actual HDI postulated by United Nations Published online 28th March, 2020 Development Programme. The study revels very poor picture. Most of the blocks in Egra subdivision. Most of the blocks are Key Words: poor in health condition .Among the five blocks of Egra subdivision 3 blocks are ‘Less Developed’ Human Development, Human (value ranges below 0.50) category. Development Index, Social Attainment, Indicator Copyright © Dr.Surbhi Sahu and Sanjib Sau, 2020, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION To identify, with the help of the prepared index, the developed, moderately developed and less developed blocks within the Human Development Index (HDI) is a well respected indicator Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district. of social attainment and prosperity in present day studies. The original HDI proposed by The United Nations (UN) has been METHODOLOGY modified by several personals. The Human Development Like the classical HDI propounded by the UN, present index is Report of West Bengal, prepared by Development and also fabricated with three basic parameters but slightly Planning Department of West Bengal Government in 2014 different from the former one. Three basic components of the used parameters different from that of the UN. HDI for Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur district are- Inadequate availability of data forms the barrier hard to cross in 1. Health Index preparing block level HDI (Dutta Roy, 2005). Even the 2. Educational attainment Index parameters used by the West Bengal Government in 3. Standard of living Index preparation of district wise HDI scores are not available in block level. Present study is an attempt to make an index from The HDI is a simple arithmetical average of these three indices, the available block level statistical data of Egra subdivision of i, e. Purba Medinipur district for a comprehensive study of different HDI =1/3 Σ (Health Index + Educational Attainment Index C.D. Blocks in terms of their relative prosperity, livelihood + Standard of Living Index) pattern and social well being. To work out the dimension index of any parameter the Objectives following formula is used- The major objectives of this study are Dimension Index = (Actual – Minimum) ÷ (Maximum – Minimum) To prepare an index which can represent the inter block disparities in standard of living and relative prosperity with [Human Development Report, 2002] accuracy. *Corresponding author: Dr.Surbhi Sahu Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Dr.Surbhi Sahu and Sanjib Sau., Status of Human Development of Egra Subdivision,Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India Study Area time of need. All types of beds in hospitals both government & private, are counted in this parameter. Thus the availability of Purba Medinipur district comprises four subdivisions, namely bed per 1000 population is calculated by- Egra, Contai, Haldia and Tamluk. The present study is done on the availability of data from District Statistical Hand book Availability of Beds in Hospitals = (No. of Beds ÷ Total 2010-11 & District Census Book 2011 on five blocks of Egra Population) x 1000 subdivision, namely Pataspur-I,Pataspur-II, Bhagawanpur-I, Achievement in Polio Immunization: This parameter is taken Egra-I & Egra-I as a representative of natal care. To compute this index, The reason behind the choice of this area is, it is most primarily the percentage of immunized children is calculated underdeveloped region in the Purba Medinipur district. by- Achievement in Polio Immunization = (No. of Children Immunized ÷ Total Children in 0-6 Age Group) x 100 Next the dimension index is calculated by dividing the actual percentage of the block by 100. Here hypothetically lowest percentage is 0% and highest is 100%. Thus the formula is – Dimension Index = Actual ÷ 100. Family Welfare centre: It is also an important parameter that depicts the Governmental Concern to the well being of its people. It is calculated by the formula- Achievement of Family Welfare = (No. of Welfare Centres ÷ Total Population) x 1000 Health Index for all five blocks of Egra subdivision is determined by averaging the above mentioned five parameters. Health Index = 1/5 Σ (Health Centre Density + Availability of Doctors + Availability of Beds in Hospitals + Achievement in Polio Immunization + Family Welfare Centre) Combined Health Index determined for different blocks of Egra Subdivision shows a very poor picture. No. of block has Fig 1-Location map of the study area (Egra Subdivision) even one health centre within 10sq. km. periphery. Availability Health Index of doctors and beds in hospitals also show very poor picture. No. of block has not even one doctor per 1000 population. Life expectancy at the birth is the main parameter to measure There is not even one bed in hospitals per 1000 residents. Very the health condition of the concerned population. But in block worst condition in Pataspur-I block where 0.09 bed for 1000 level no such data is available. So here health index is resident. Nothing is hopeful in Polio Immunization calculated from five available block level parameters depicting Programme. Except Pataspur-II, no block has succeeded to the overall health scenario of the district. immunize at least 15% of its children in 0-6 year age group. Health Centre Density- Availability of health centre, clinics or There is no block procuring one family welfare centre for every hospitals within a negotiable distance increases probability of 1000 population. fast remedy from health hazards. Here health care facility Table 1 Combined Healthcare Index for Egra Subdivision means government facilities hospitals, health centres, sub centres & private clinics. Poor presence of these installations forced to count them per 10 sq. km.basis. Thus the formula used- Health Centre Density/10 sq km = (No. Of Health Centres ÷ Area) x 10 [ibid] Source: Calculated by author Availability of Doctors- Adequate availability of doctors increases the probability of getting cured and be nurtured. So the availability of doctors per 1000 population is considered as an important parameter. It is calculated by the formula – Availability of Doctors = (No. of Doctors ÷ Total Population) x 1000 Availability of Beds in Hospitals- Like the former availability of beds in hospitals ensures the indoor clinical facility in the 37717 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 03 (A), pp. 37716-37720, March, 2020 enrol their name in these institutions. This may adversely effect mess up the sceanario by exaggerating the enrolment number in the block where the institution is situated. So the higher secondary schools, and colleges or technical institutions are exempted from this study. Although there is the same chance for the lower levels also, particularly for students living at the border of two blocks, but it is considered to be negligible. Combined Enrolment Index is an average of these three parameters- Combined Enrolment Index = Σ (Primary index + Middle index + High index) ÷ 3 Educational attainment index shows an overall a mediocre standard. Little have achieved and so many things to achieve yet. The blocks may be classified into three groups depicting levels of achievement i.e. less developed, moderately developed and developed. It reveals that most of the blocks (4blocks) of Egra subdivision are developed in terms of educational standard. Name of the blocks in different classes are as follows- Fig 2 Health Care Index Map of Egra Subdivision 1. Blocks with score up to 0.50, considered ‘Less The blocks of Egra Subdivision can be dived in three developed’ in terms of education conditions. categories There are no blocks in this category. 2. Blocks with score up to 0.51-0.60, considered 1. Blocks with score up to 0.30, considered ‘Less ‘Moderately developed’ in terms of education developed’ in terms of health conditions. conditions. Egra-II is the only block in this category. Blocks in this category are Pataspur-I, Pataspur-II, 3. Blocks with score above 0.60, considered ‘Developed’ Bhagawanpur-I, Egra-II. in terms of education conditions. 2. Blocks with score up to 0.31-0.60, considered There are four blocks Pataspur-I, Pataspur-II, ‘Moderately developed’ in terms of health conditions. Bhagawanpur-I & Egra-I in this category. Blocks in this category is only Egra-I. 3. Blocks with score above 0.60, considered ‘Developed’ Table 2 Educational Attainment Index for Egra Subdivision in terms of health conditions. Enrolment Index Combined Total Educational BLOCKS Enrolment Literacy Attainment There is no block in this category.