SHOWSTOPPERS INTERNATIONAL INVITATIONAL AT DISNEYLAND@ PARK Anaheim, CA / April 17-20, 1997 KEYNOTE CHORAL FESTIVAL SERIES NASHVILLE CHORAL FESTIVAL Nashville, TN / April 17-20, 1997 KEYNOTE CHORAL FESTIVAL SERIES MANHATTAN CHORAL FESTIVAL New York, NY / May 1-4, 1997 CHILDREN IN HARMONY CHORAL FESTIVAL Orlando, FL / May 22-25, 1997 !lew! CHILDREN'S CELEBRATION SHOWSTARTERS CHORAL FESTIVAL SHO\,T CHOIR WORKSHOPS Anaheim, CA / June 26-29, 1997 Coming to an area near you ... September - November 1996 CONCERT TOURS Domestic & International/Year Round CHILDREN'S HOLIDAY CHORAL FESTIVAL AMERICA SINGS! FESTIVALS Orlando, FL / December 5-8, 1996 Los Angeles, CA / March 21-22, 1997 Orlando, FL / April 4-5, 1997 MEN OF SONG SHOWCASE Pittsburgh, PA / April 25-26, 1997 AT WALT DISNEY \VORLD@ RESORT Chicago, IL / May 9-10, 1997 Lake Buena Vista, FL February 27 - March 2, 1997 MAGIC MUSIC DAYS AT WALT DISNEY WORLD RESORT@ SHOWSTOPPERS & DISNE\'LlLND@PARK INTERNATIONAL INVITATIONAL Lake Buena Vista, FL / Anaheim, CA AT WALT DISNEY WORLD@ RESORT Year Round Lake Buena Vista, FL / March 13 -16, 1997 SHOWSTOPPERS NATIONAL --f!W- SHOW CHOIR INVITATIONAL I-= -::. --::. Chicago, IL / March 20-23, 1997 KEYNOTE ARTS ASSOCL\TES KEYNOTE ARTS ASSOCIATES COLLEGIATE 1637 E. ROBINSON ST. SHOWCASE INVITATIONAL ORLANDO, FL 32803 AT \VJ-\LT DISNEY \"X"TORLD@ RESORT Lake Buena Vista, FL / April 10-13, 1997 T407-897-8181 F407-897-8184 TOLL FREE 800-522-2213 KEYNOTE CHORAL FESTIVAL SERIES EMAIL [email protected] CHICAGO CHORAL FESTIVAL Chicago, IL / April 10-13, 1997 Official Publication of the American Choral Directors Association Volume Thirty-seven Number One AUGUST 1996 CHORALJO John Silantien Barton L.Tyner Jr. EDITOR MANAGING EDITOR COLUMNS ARTICLES From the Executive Director ....... 2 Choral Arrangements of From the President ...................... 3 Spirituals: Birth and From the Editor .......................... 4 Perpetuation of a Genre ....... 9 by Patricia J Trice Letters to the Editor .................... 4 Research Report ........................ 45 Christine D. de Catanzaro, editor The Lyric of the Mrican-American Spiritual: Compact Disc Reviews .............. 47 Richard]. Bloesch, editor The Meaning behind Book Reviews ............................ 51 the Words ........................... 15 Stephen Town, editor by Maroin V. Curtis Choral Reviews ......................... 57 Corydon J. Carlson, editor Competition in Choral Repertoire and Standards Committee Reports ................... 41 Education: Adults' Memories of Early N ewsbriefs ................................ 42 Choir Experiences .............. 21 Advertisers Index ....................... 68 by Gary E Stollak and Mal], Alice Stollak Coverarr by Craig Sridham depicrs (clockwise from upper left) rhe Corron Blossom Singers (used courtesy of rhe Piney Woods Coum!)' Life School, Piney Woods, Mississippi), rhe Golden Gare Quarrerre (used by permission of rhe Fr:Ink Driggs Collecrion), and rhe Wings Over Jordan Choir REHEARSAL BREAKS conducred by Worth Kramer (COUrtesy of the Narional Afro­ American Museum and Culrur:I! Cemer, Wilberforce, Coping with Middle School Attitudes ........................... 29 Ohio). On rhis page, rhe drawing accompanying rhe Curds article depicts a "Jubilee" (ca. 1850) and is used by permission by Sally B. John of the Corbis/Be[cmann Archives. Using the Hum and the Trill in Vocal and Choral Development ..................................................... 37 by Margaret H Daniel AUGUST 1996 PAGE 1 FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS Congratulations to the 1997Auditioned Choirs! INDIANA AST MAY the 1997 National Convention Audition Committee had the privi­ CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION lege of hearing the semifinalists of the 217 choirs that entered the blind­ President - Patticia Wiehe audition process. Thirty-six auditioned choirs will appear at the 1997 National 2435 Glenhill Drive L Indianapolis, Incliana 46240 Convention in San Diego (March 5-8)-the largest number ever for a national conven­ Treasurer - PanIaJ. Alles tion. More importantly, these choirs are, without a doubt, some of the finest I have heard 1471 Aluneyer Road in my twenty-five-year association with national convention planning. I congratulate the Jasper, Indiana 47546 finalists and extend a heartfelt thanks to all the choirs that entered the audition process. IOWA In addition to performing individual concerts, many of the auditioned choirs will CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION President - J aniece R. Bergland combine to perform choral/orchestral works and demonstrate pieces during interest and 2534 155th Streer reading sessions. Concert sessions will take place in two beautifully constructed, acousti­ Floyd. Iowa 50435 cally superb halls: the San Diego Civic Theatre (Opera House) and Copley Symphony Secretary/Treasurer - Bruce A. Norris 420 Maple Srreet Hall. To accommodate the record number of performances by auditioned choirs, the Mondamin. Iowa 51557 convention will begin several hours earlier than usual, on Wednesday afternoon, March 5. MINNESOTA Since San Diego is in the Pacific time zone, the majority of delegates will gain one to CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION three hours in travel time. Coequal gold and silver tracks will accommodate the more President - Allan Hawkins 500 South Jefferson Street than five thousand anticipated registrants. New Ulm, Minnesota 56073 Preregistration. Preregistration packets will be mailed on November 1, 1996. Please Treasurer - Richard F. Edsttom note that you will not be able to reserve hotel rooms at the discounted rate until after you 2305 Winfield Avenue. North have received the preregistration material. I hope to see you in picturesque San Diego! Golden Valley. Minnesota 55422 MONTANA Gene Brooks CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION President - Peggy Leonardi 161 Eastside Highway ACDA STUDENT CONDUCTING AWARDS Hamilton. Montana 59840 Treasurer - Larry Swingen 1997 ACDA National Convention I Box 670 March 5-8 • San Diego, California Malra, Montana 59538 NEBRASKA ACDA members who are full-time undergraduate students Qunior or senior status) or full­ CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION time graduate students are eligible to submit videotaped auditions of tbeir choral performance. President - David H. Moore Sixteen student conductors will receive scholarships for transportation and housing costs to 12740 Deauville Drive attend tbe 1997 ACDA National Convention and conduct in tbe·semifinals. Four students at Omaha. Nebraska 68137 each level will advance to tbe conducting finals. Treasurer - Clark Roush York College ApplicationlVideotape Postmark Deadline: November 15, 1996 P.O. Box 438 York. Nebraska 68467 Official guidelines and application fottn will be printed in tbe full issue of tbe Student Times. For more infottnation, contact: Scott W. Dorsey, National R&S Chair, Youtb and Student Activities OHIO Committee; do Music Departtnent, Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio 44601; telephone: CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION 330/823-2181; £ax: 330/823-2144; e-mail: [email protected]. President - Peter G. Jarjisian School of Music. Ohio University Athens. Ohio 45701 STATEMENT OF MEMBERSHIP Treasurer - Mark Munson The American Choral Directors Association is a nonprofit professional organization of choral directors from College of Musical Arts. Bowling Green State University schools. colleges. and universities; community. church. and professional choral ensembles; and industry Bowling Green. Ohio 43403 and instITutional organizations. Choral Journal circulation: 18.000. Annual dues (includes subscription to the Choral Journal): Active $45. Industry $100. Institutional $75. Retired $25. and Student $20. One-year TEXAS membership begins on date of dues acceptance. Ubrary annual subscription rates: U.S. $25; Canada $35; CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Foreign Surface $38; Foreign Air $75. Single Copy $3; Back Issues $4. President - Randy Talley ACDA is a founding member of the International Federation for Choral Music. 3654 Lorna Drive ACDA supports and endorses the goals and purposes of CHORUS AMERICA Odessa, Texas 79462 in promoting the excellence of choral music throughout the world. Secretary/Treasurer - Cheryl Wilson ACDA reserves the right to approve any applications for appearance and to edit all materials proposed for distribution. 9393 Skillman, #122 Permission is granted to all ACDA members to reproduce articles from the Choral Journal for noncommercial. educational Dallas, Texas 75243 purposes only. Nonmembers wishing to reproduce articles may request permission by writing to ACDA. The Choral Journal is supported in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. a federal agency. WISCONSIN CHORAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Recognizing its position of leadership. ACDA complies with the copyright laws of the United States. Compliance with these laws is a condition of participation by clinicians and performing groups at ACDA meetings and conventions. President - Kevin Meidl 916 South Park Avenue © 1996 by the American Choral Directors Association. 502 SW Thirty-eighth Street. Lawton. Oklahoma 73505. Telephone: Neenah, Wisconsin 54956 405/355-8161. Ail rights reserved. The Choral Joumal (US ISSN 0009-5028) is issued monthly. exceptfor June and July. Printed in the United States of America. Secretary/Treasurer - Michelle Klotz 2648 North Lefeber Avenue ~ Periodicals postage paid at Lawton. Oklalhoma. and additional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address Wauwarosa. Wisconsin 53213 EdPress changes to Choral Joumal. Post Office Box 6310. Lawton. Oklahoma 73506-0310.