THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. NAUTICAL RESEARCH GUILD, inc. www.thenauticalresearchguild.org Home Offi ce Vol. 65, no. 1 spring 2020 Nautical Research Guild, Inc. “Advancing ship modeling through research” Mary Van Dahm, Manager 237 South Lincoln Street Editorial . 2 Westmont, IL 60559-1917 (585) 968-8111 FEATURES [email protected] Editor Th e Flowers of Canada: eTh Royal Canadian Navy’s corvettes Paul E. Fontenoy in World War II . 3 1832 Cherokee Road NW Albuquerque, NM 87107 By Bruce LeCren (505) 588-2549 A 16x30 decked canoe from 1895, Part 1. 17 [email protected] By Steve Wheeler Offi cers Seventeenth-century Dutch ship design drawings. Real or counterfeit? . 33 Kurt Van Dahm By Ab Hoving Chairman Mary Van Dahm La Galera Real: A model of the fl agship of Don Juan de Austria Secretary at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, Part 1. .49 Jeff Sillick By D. Roger Moore Treasurer Some guidelines for photographs submitted for publication . 67 Directors By Ian Poole Robert J. Andreotti Neptunia No. 295 . 70 David Eddy Toni Levine “River Cutter” Yocona pioneers technology on the nation’s rivers Mike Lonnecker and desegregation in the Deep South . 67 Phillip Roach Th omas Ruggiero By William H. Th iesen COLUMNS Editorial Advisory Board SHOP NOTES Raymond Ashley LED shop lights . 77 Maritime Museum Association By Bill Sproul of San Diego Filipe Vieira de Castro TIPS & TECHNIQUES Texas A&M University Painting a waterline — mask only one time . 83 Annalies Corbin By Kurt Van Dahm The PAST Foundation Paul F. Johnston Making pipe fi ttings. 90 National Museum of American History By Steve Wheeler Smithsonian Institution LETTERS . 91 I. Roderick Mather ADVERTISER INDEX . 92 University of Rhode Island Waldemar Ossowski BOOK REVIEWS . 93 Polish Maritime Museum MORE BOOK REVIEWS . 96 Joseph K. Schwarzer North Carolina Maritime Museums Subscriptions William H. Th iesen One year is $50.00 US, $62.00 for all other countries. Contributions are welcomed, but contact the United States Coast Guard editor before submitting anything. Books are accepted for review. The editor and the Nautical Historian’s Offi ce Research Guild assume no responsibility for safe return of items sent. The Nautical Research Journal (ISSN 0738-7245) is published quarterly by the Nautical Reseach Guild Inc., 237 South Lincoln Street, Atilla J. Toth Westmont, IL 60559-1917. Periodicals postage paid at Westmont, IL, and at additional mailing offi ces. National Offi ce of POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to Nautical Research Journal, 237 South Lincoln Street, Cultural Heritage, Hungary Westmont, IL 60559-1017. Spencer C. Tucker The Nautical Research Journal is available on microfi lm from Bell and Howell Information and Virginia Military Institute Learning, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dana M. Wegner Naval Surface Warfare Center O : The late Steve Wheeler’s 1:12-scale model of a 16x30 decked canoe from 1895. Builder’s photograph. COPYRIGHT ©2020 BY THE NAUTICAL RESEARCH GUILD, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PRINTED IN THE USA THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. Vol. 65, No. 1 spring 2020 2 Cross-fertilization A recent survey for model manufacturers, primarily Engineer Exhibition in London that year, started of kits but also including ready-assembled radio- to produce sets commercially for them. It probably controlled and static models, to determine customers’ was another ten years before manufacturers started areas of interest produced some very intriguing to make photo-etched details available for modelers results. Th e largest groups of customers were working with traditional wooden materials or scratch involved in model railroading (20 percent), radio- builders began to explore using the technology. controlled model aircraft (19 percent), and radio- controlled model cars (16 percent). Together, these groups account for 55 percent of the manufacturers’ Along with most other aspects of our modern society, base. Scale ship and boat modelers (of static wooden the pace of technologically change in the modeling or plastic kits and scale radio-controlled vessels) world has been accelerating very rapidly, and many combined together made up 4 percent of their of the costs have fallen almost equally quickly. customers, only beating out customers interested in In particular, scanning technologies allied with Lego or Meccano/Erector sets. computer aided design (CAD) is changing the process of manufacturing models; one major manufacturer essentially only produces new kits if there is a full- We are indeed engaged in a niche pursuit. Th ere is a size prototype accessible that its technicians can scan tendency for those with niche interests to look inward and scale down for production. On a more mundane to their group members for inspiration, new ideas, level, the availability of cheap sophisticated scanning and, artisanally, methods and techniques. Materials, systems and powerful CAD programs combined with tools, practices, all can tend to depend on the group’s inexpensive and quite effi cient computer-controlled consensus for acceptance. Th is is not necessarily milling machines, photo-etching equipment, and something to deplore but it also can limit adoption of three-dimensional printers is making high-level practices from outside. options available to model makers in general on an individual basis. In general, ship modelers are open to new ideas from outside their own community. Nevertheless, the Th e spread of the fruits of these technologies is inertia of a niche group can make this a slow process uneven. Use of some is more prevalent among at times. Photo-etching, for example, became an builders of static scale aircraft models or railroaders important feature of model railroading in the early than among ship modelers. Not everyone may be 1960s, fi rst with the arrival of stunning HO (1:87) interested in these applications, or have much use for scale brass locomotives and rolling stock produced them, but, photogrammetrically scanning a particular in Japan using the technology and soon aft erwards capstan and using the data to create CAD drawings, with the availability of details for scratch builders and for example, does not preclude making its model by those wishing to enhance their kits. Plastic kit ship traditional methods. It behooves us to look outside modelers did not see similar products until 1985, our own niche pursuit and explore these possibilities. when Loren Perry, aft er his superb demonstration of the possibilities of photo-etching at the Model — Paul E. Fontenoy THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. Nautical Research Journal Th e Flowers of Canada: Th e Royal Introduction 3 Canadian Navy’s corvettes in Th e Flower-class corvette was singularly responsible World War II for the rise of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from a By Bruce LeCren small fl eet of six destroyers and a handful of auxiliary Figure 1 (1941): Chicoutimi shortly aft er commissioning, at Sydney, Nova Scotia, appears untidy and is painted builder’s grey overall. It has the mainmast, and minesweeping equipment will be on the quarterdeck. Th ere may not be any secondary armament. Th e inadequate size of the original bridge is apparent. All photographs are from the collection of the Naval Museum of Alberta in Calgary, Alberta, used with permission. THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. Vol. 65, No. 1 spring 2020 atop the mast is the Canadian SW radar. the mast is Canadian atop the aft 2 (early 1942): Figure 4 er anti-aircraft er gun tub, no visible weapons on the bridge, and only two depth charge throwers. Th throwers. charge two depth only and the bridge, on no visible weapons gun tub, Chicoutimi ’s mainmast and minesweeping gear has been removed and the ship is painted in the Western Approaches pastel camoufl Approaches in the Western gear is painted minesweeping has been and the ship and mainmast removed ’s which been has not is still the bridge, expanded. Th of forward e foremast age. Th age. machine guns in are ere e antenna antenna e THIS IS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FOR THE PRIVATE USE OF THE SUBSCRIBING NRG MEMBER AND IS NOT TO BE SHARED OR DISTRIBUTED. Nautical Research Journal craft in 1939 to the third largest fl eet on the planet (Developed in Britain during the 1920s, Asdic was 5 by 1945, with over 400 ships in commission. Th e the fi rst shipborne active sonar system, named for the RCN’s 123 corvettes were the largest class of ships in Anti-Submarine Division Investigation Committee). Canadian service, the largest class of warships ever Patrol vessels did not, however, conform to the RCN’s built at 270 hulls, and the largest class ever built in idea of a ‘proper’ navy; the Naval Staff desiring a Canada; 121 Flowers coming down the ways between fl eet of Tribal-class destroyers and Halcyon-class 1940 and 1944. Corvettes served in more navies minesweepers instead. than any other class of warships, nineteen fl eets including the United States Navy (USN) and even the Circumstance overtook the RCN’s vision when war Kriegsmarine, which took over four French corvettes was declared in September 1939. Th e Navy discovered in 1940. that Canadian yards did not have the expertise to build ships to naval standards, nor could they be Canadian corvettes escorted thousands of ships ordered from Britain because they were already from the Aleutians to the Mediterranean; from the overwhelmed with Royal Navy (RN) orders.