“4 th International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change” Alicante, Spain 16-18 June 2015 Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta M. Sc. Marilú Bouchon Corrales Directora Gr. Inv. Recursos Pelágicos IMARPE 15-18 Junio, 2015 Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Tropical Location The Peru or Humboldt current and the upwelling system Peru has tropical location near of ecuator. Has the Humboldt curret, one on the most productive marine ecosystem Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 75° A SOUTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT - 0° Complex System of EQUATORIAL Surface and UNDERCURRENT Subsurface Currents SOUTH - 5° EQUATORIAL CURRENT PAITA SOUTH EQUATORIAL SUBSURFACE PIMENTEL COUNTERCURRENT Upwelling means: sea surface SOUTH EQUATORIAL - 10° COUNTERCURRENT fertilization and production of CALLAO phytoplankton . PISCO - 15° SAN JUAN PERU SUB- ATICO COASTAL UPWELLING SURFACE No winds PERU COUNTER- ILO OCEANIC CURRENT CURRENT - 20° PERU COASTAL CURRENT PERU- CHILE- UNDER- CURRENT Surface currents Subsurface currents This ecosystem have complex system currents. Also has the larges and intense upwelling system TARAZONA & ARNTZ, 2001 Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Humboldt current: high variability and productivity The higher variability next of Peruvian coast This area has high variability and productivity, also sometimes the upwelling is disrupted by El Nino event. This event has had the greatest impact of fisheries in Peru. Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Main marine pelagic resources Engraulis ringens Sardinops sagax sagax Trachurus murphyi Scomber japonicus 15 000 000 ) 10 000 000 Tons 5 000 000 LANDINGS ( LANDINGS 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 Anchovy Sardine Jack mackerel Pacific mackerel The Peruvian anchovy is located in the Humboldt Current Ecosystem. This supports the biggest fishery around the world; it is probably the best monitored large ecosystem Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Peruvian anchovy Catch 0 300 600 (thousand of tons) PUERTO PIZ 4°00' MANCORA TALARA 5°00' Engraulis ringens PAITA 6°00' PARACHIQUE Purse seine distribution 7°00' SANTA ROSA 0 12 20 cm LT CHICAMA 8°00' SALAVERRY 0 1 ~4 years 9°00' CHIMBOTE CASMA 10°00' High fecundity HUARMEY SUPE 11°00' HUACHO Peruvian anchovy is the key CHANCAY resource of the Peruvian Planktivorous fish 12°00' CALLAO upwelling system PUCUSANA 13°00' CERRO AZUL T. DE MORA Behavior in schools 14°00' Ba. INDEPE INFIERNILL 15°00' SAN JUAN CHALA 16°00' ATICO CAMANA MATARANI High biomass 17°00' ILO SAMA 18°00' Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Scientific observer programs of IMARPE Observation and monitoring IMARPE have for the anchovy a “ Adaptative management”. Their population dynamic is highly variable and responds quickly to many forcing factors Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Scientific observer programs of IMARPE Observer program In land On board Research surveys Daily monitoring system • Pelagic resources • Demersal and litoral resources • Invertebrates resources Scientific technician of IMARPE (TCI) Logbook On board Observer Program (LOOP) Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta In Land: Daily monitoring system To get data on catch, effort, size, species Composition,etc. 4° Tumbes INFRASTRUCTURE OF IMARPE Paita 6° 1 headquarters Sta.Rosa 9 coastal laboratories Huanchaco 8° 1 Puno’s laboratory Chimbote 10° Huacho 12° Callao Ocean Pacific 14° Pisco Puno 16° Matarani The Peruvian pelagic fishery monitoring Ilo system is characterized by daily frecuency 18° and quick advice. 82° 80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 70° Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Daily monitoring system Biometric and biological sample SF Trophic ecology Age and growth Reproductive biology Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Vessel Monitoring System Program (SISESAT) Monitoring is complemented with a vessel monitoring system to register interaction of vessels in a fishing area Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Peruvian Logbook On board Observer Program (LOOP) (6 ob) Loogbook On board Observer Program (18 ob) Total : 55 observer (15 ob) (10 ob) Northern-central region (6 ob) South region IMARPE has LOOP on board that monitoring the main anchovy density areas Peruvian Logbook On board Observer Program (LOOP) Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta LOOP: Catch set house Pilot Echo sounder: Furuno FCV 882L Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta LOOP: Biological information Resources Target species Engraulis ringens “anchoveta” Trachurus murphyi “Jack mackarel” Scomber japonicus “Pacific mackarel” EN Indicator species LN Distribution 140°E 180° 140°W 100°W Kelvin wave 20°C Isotherm deep (m) Distribución vertical de Anchoveta (02 - 22 Mayo 2012) Latitud Sur 07° 08° 09° 10° 11° 12° 13° 14° 15° 16° 0 24 10 20 21 Temperatura( 30 40 ° 50 C) Profundidad(m) TSM 18 60 70 15 80 Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta LOOP: Fishery information and top predators interaction Efective Effort Vessel trip with or without Search time Number of catch set fish Discard Juveniles Overfishing Other species Top predators interaccion Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Peruvian Logbook On board Observer Program (LOOP) The logbook use movil phone to have a quickly communication and the Information is registered in database IMARSIS. Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Hydroacoustic survey in Peru Two acoustics survey per year. The first in the Austral summer and other in austral winter 84° W 82° W 80° W 78° W 76° W 74° W 72° W 70° W Pto. Pizarro 4° S Pta. Sal CartaTrack deand trayectos set of Survey y lances 4° S Talara BIC J OLAYA B. Paita Pta. Gobernador BIC HUMBOLDT 6° S Pta. La Negra BIC SNP-2 6° S Mórrope Pimentel BIC HUMBOLDT Chérrepe Chicama BIC J OLAYA B. 8° S 8° S Salaverry BIC SNP-2 Punta Chao Chimbote BIC Humboldt Casma L/P IMARPE IV Punta Lobos 10° S Huarmey 10° S Punta Bermejo Supe Huacho Chancay 12° S Callao 12° S Pucusana Cerro Azul Tambo de Mora Pisco 14° S 14° S Bahía Independencia Punta Infiernillos BIC José Olaya Balandra Punta Caballas San Juan Chala 16° S 16° S Atico Ocoña Quilca Mollendo Ilo 18° S M. Sama 18° S 84° W 82° W 80° W 78° W 76° W 74° W 72° W 70° W BIC SNP-2 IMARPE IV – V – VI Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Hydroacoustic survey in Peru Frecuency (kHz): 38 48* 70* 120 200 *currently BIOMASS OF ANCHOVY Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta All information is sent to pelagic area which processes, analyzes and evaluates the status of anchovy and publishes a daily report Catch quota and sent advice to the government to the quickly application BIOMASS OF ANCHOVY 6 Biomasa Desovante Cuota 5 4 3 MillonesTm 2 1 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Tasa de Explotación (E) Adaptation to climate change Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Spatial and temporal scales in marine process 10 000km Climate Change 1 000km ENSO Water mass 100km Upwelling Bloom of escale phytoplankcton 10km Plankton Spatial migration 1km 100m 10m 1 week 1 month 1 year 10 years 100 years Temporal scale Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Climate change: Anchovy strategies Sequence (3 steps) 1.- Move to the coast 2.- Deepening 3.- Move to the south Monitoring in the fishery of Peruvian anchoveta Change in species composition: hypothetical scenarios Actual conditions Ocean warming and coastal cooling Ocean and coastal warming Scene 1 Scene 2 (D. Gutiérrez et al. 2011) Concluding remarks: To tackle environmental uncertainty: An intense fishery monitoring and scientific cruisses are conducted. Natural Long term changes: We have adopted precautionary reference limits to annual yield, according to differente possible “states” or “regimes”. To implement ecosystem approach: Studies are conducted under agreement with other scientific institutions of developed countries to understand and model the Peruvian upwelling ecosystem; Detailed information at: http://www.imarpe.gob.pe .