Bowman Creek Supplemental Environmental Project By: David L. McCormick, PE, D. WRE McCormick Engineering, LLC For: City of South Bend Department of Public Works January 2013 Bowman Creek Supplemental Environmental Project Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Review of Existing Water Quality Studies .......................................................................... 1 1.2. Field Investigation ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Evaluation of Improvement Alternatives ............................................................................. 2 1. Evaluation of Alternatives ................................................................................................... 2 2. Report and Recommendation Regarding Alternatives ....................................................... 2 2. REVIEW OF EXISTING WATER QUALITY STUDIES ..................................................... 2 2.1. Previous studies by the City of South Bend ....................................................................... 3 2.2. EPA Studies ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.3. Idem Studies ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.4. INDOT US 31 EIS ............................................................................................................... 4 2.5. USGS .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.6. Watershed Initiative for a Safer Environment (WISE) ........................................................ 4 2.7. Indiana State Water Quality Standards .............................................................................. 5 3. CHEMICAL TESTING PARAMETERS ............................................................................ 6 3.1. Thermal Pollution ................................................................................................................ 6 3.2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ...................................................................................................... 6 3.3. Phosphorous ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.4. Ammonia and Nitrates ........................................................................................................ 7 3.5. E. coli .................................................................................................................................. 7 3.6. Surfactants .......................................................................................................................... 7 4. SAMPLING PROCEDURE ............................................................................................. 8 4.1. Sample Naming Convention ............................................................................................... 8 4.2. Holding Times ..................................................................................................................... 8 4.3. Transport and Storage ........................................................................................................ 8 4.4. Sampling Procedure ........................................................................................................... 8 4.5. Rainfall Data ....................................................................................................................... 9 5. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL ....................................................... 9 6. DATA ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION .......................................................................... 11 6.1. Bowman Creek Watershed ............................................................................................... 11 6.2. Preliminary Sampling ........................................................................................................ 11 6.3. Outfall Identification .......................................................................................................... 11 6.4. Photographic Documentation ........................................................................................... 12 6.5. Systematic Samples ......................................................................................................... 12 Eberly Ditch .............................................................................................................................. 12 Page i Bowman Creek Supplemental Environmental Project Bowman Creek ......................................................................................................................... 13 Philips Ditch .............................................................................................................................. 13 6.6. Overview of Sampling E. Coli Results .............................................................................. 13 Bowman Creek ......................................................................................................................... 13 Auten Ditch ............................................................................................................................... 14 6.7. E. Coli levels at Tunnels ................................................................................................... 15 6.8. Overview of Sampling – other Parameters ........................................................................ 15 Water Temperature .................................................................................................................. 15 Dissolved Oxygen..................................................................................................................... 15 Ammonia and Total Nitrogen .................................................................................................... 16 Phosphorous ............................................................................................................................ 16 Surfactants ............................................................................................................................... 16 7. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................. 17 7.1. Stream Bank Restoration - Tunnels ................................................................................. 17 Nipsco Tunnel ........................................................................................................................... 17 Riley Baseball Tunnel/Riley Track Tunnel ............................................................................... 17 Fox Street Tunnel/Michigan Street Tunnels ............................................................................. 18 Greentech/AM General Tunnel ................................................................................................ 18 7.2. Stream Bank Restoration - Other ..................................................................................... 18 7.3. Re-Aeration Alternatives ................................................................................................... 19 7.4. Erosion and Sediment Control .......................................................................................... 19 7.5. Removal of Point Discharges of Wastewater ................................................................... 20 7.6. Removal of Non-Point Discharges of Wastewater ........................................................... 20 7.7. UV Disinfection ................................................................................................................. 21 7.8. Maintenance and Clean-Up Activities............................................................................... 22 7.9. Other Measures and Alternatives ..................................................................................... 22 E Coli Modeling ........................................................................................................................ 22 Regulatory Hydraulic Modeling ................................................................................................ 23 CSOnet ..................................................................................................................................... 23 GIS Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 24 Public Involvement ................................................................................................................... 24 8. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 25 8.1. Recommended Actions .................................................................................................... 25 8.2. Initiated Actions ................................................................................................................ 27 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 31 Page ii Bowman Creek Supplemental Environmental Project List of Figures Figure 1. Watershed Map Figure 2. Water Quality Sample Locations Figure 3. Watershed Outfall Locations Figure 4. Georeferenced Photographic